「英中对照」电力并非约束 芬兰因环评要求谷歌暂停两处规划数据中心作业

Shane Snider,Shane Snider，

Senior News Writer,Informa TechTarget高级新闻记者，Informa TechTarget

October 8, 2026

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An electrical substation in Oulu, Finland.Getty Images芬兰奥卢的一座变电站。Getty Images

Finland told Google to halt major site work at two planned data centers after regulators found that substantial land clearing and other site preparation had occurred before the required environmental impact assessments were completed.监管机构发现，两座规划数据中心在所需环境影响评估完成前已开展大规模土地清理及其他场地准备工作，芬兰随后要求 Google 停止这两座数据中心的大型场地作业。

For data center operators, Google’s experience shows that securing power and grid capacity does not guarantee that construction can proceed. Google had access to significant grid capacity in northern Finland through the Finnish grid operator Fingrid, but the project encountered another constraint when site preparation crossed into permanent environmental alteration.对数据中心运营商而言，Google 的经历表明，获得电力和电网容量并不能保证施工可以推进。Google 通过芬兰电网运营商 Fingrid 在芬兰北部获得了大量电网容量，但当场地准备演变为永久性环境改变时，该项目遇到了另一个制约因素。

“Power was the part Google had already solved. Fingrid said the northern grid had room,” said Stephen Sopko, practice lead for semiconductor and deep tech at HyperFrame Research. “The failure was treating forest clearance as preparatory work when Finnish law treats permanent conversion above 200 hectares as the action regulators are there to judge.”“电力是 Google 已经解决的环节。Fingrid 表示北部电网尚有容量，”HyperFrame Research 半导体与深科技业务主管 Stephen Sopko 说。“失误在于把森林清理当作准备工作，而芬兰法律将超过 200 hectares 的永久性改变视为监管机构应当裁定的行为。”

Related:Google’s Grid-Interactive AI Data Centers: From Backup to Grid Partner相关内容：Google 的电网互动型 AI 数据中心：从备用设施到电网合作伙伴

The Finnish Licensing and Supervisory Authority, known as LVV, directed Google’s subsidiary Tuike Finland Oy to suspend work that significantly alters the environment at planned sites in Muhos and Kajaani. The agency called for the work to stop immediately and no later than Oct. 23.芬兰许可与监管局（简称 LVV）要求 Google的子公司 Tuike Finland Oy 暂停作业，这些作业会显著改变 Muhos 和 Kajaani 规划场地的环境。该机构要求立即停止相关作业，且不晚于 Oct. 23。

The request covers tree removal, topsoil removal, excavation, blasting, crushing, earthmoving, drainage work, and construction of site roads and storage areas. Planning, measurements, soil surveys and other limited or reversible activities can continue.该要求涵盖树木移除、表土移除、开挖、爆破、破碎、土方作业、排水工程以及场地道路和存储区的施工。规划、测量、土壤调查及其他有限或可逆活动可以继续。

At Muhos, Tuike reported that about 330 hectares had been felled or prepared. At the Kajaani-Otanmäki site, the reported area was just under 200 hectares.在 Muhos，Tuike 报告称约 330 hectares 已完成砍伐或场地准备。在 Kajaani-Otanmäki 场地，报告面积略低于 200 hectares。

LVV said environmental impact assessment reports for the two projects are expected to be completed in 2026. The agency said allowing major site work to continue could undermine the assessment process by limiting the ability to identify environmental impacts, examine alternatives and prevent harmful effects.LVV 表示，这两个项目的环境影响评估报告预计于 2026 年完成。该机构表示，允许大型场地作业继续可能损害评估流程，从而限制识别环境影响、审查替代方案以及预防有害影响的能力。

Grid Capacity Wasn’t the Constraint电网容量并非制约因素

LVV’s intervention followed a Sept. 18 request for information from Tuike Finland, the Municipality of Muhos, the City of Kajaani and local building-control authorities. Based on the information it received, the agency determined that the preparatory activities warranted intervention under Finland’s EIA Act.LVV 介入前，曾于 Sept. 18 向 Tuike Finland、Muhos 市镇、Kajaani 市及地方建筑管控部门发出信息征询。根据所收到的信息，该机构认定，依据芬兰《EIA 法》，这些准备活动有必要予以干预。

The issue is the sequencing of the work. An environmental impact assessment is intended to gather information about a project’s environmental effects before that information is used in decision-making, including identifying impacts, considering alternatives and determining measures to prevent or reduce environmental harm.问题在于作业的先后顺序。环境影响评估旨在相关信息用于决策之前收集项目环境影响信息，包括识别影响、考量替代方案，以及确定预防或减少环境损害的措施。

Related:Google Says AI Growth Is Outrunning Grid Decarbonization相关内容：Google 称 AI 增长正跑赢电网脱碳

With major site alteration already underway, the assessment has less ability to serve that function, according to Tiina Paloniitty, associate professor of environmental and sustainability law at the University of Helsinki, in an email.赫尔辛基大学环境与可持续发展法学副教授Tiina Paloniitty在一封电子邮件中表示，由于重大场地改造已在进行，该评估发挥这一作用的能力有所下降。

“You can often do surveys and reversible site work ahead of the permit. ... What you can’t do is clear 300 hectares and call it anticipation.” – Stephen Sopko, practice lead, HyperFrame Research“你通常可以在取得许可前开展调查和可逆性场地作业。……你不能做的是清理300公顷土地，还称之为预期准备。”——HyperFrame Research实践主管Stephen Sopko

Google announced the €13 billion investment in September, including new data centers in Muhos, Kajaani and Vaala and an expansion of its Hamina site.Google 于9月宣布了这项€13 billion投资，包括在Muhos、Kajaani和Vaala新建数据中心，以及扩建其Hamina场址。

Google selected the northern Finland sites in part because of the available grid capacity near carbon-free electricity sources. Fingrid has said Muhos, Kajaani and Vaala have significant grid capacity in an area where electricity production exceeds consumption.Google选择芬兰北部的这些场址，部分原因在于无碳电源附近具备可用电网容量。Fingrid曾表示，Muhos、Kajaani和Vaala所在地区的电力生产超过消费量，且具有大量电网容量。

For operators planning large data centers, the Finnish case shows that environmental approvals can impose separate sequencing requirements even when a site has the electricity and transmission capacity needed for a large facility.对于规划大型数据中心的运营商而言，芬兰这一案例表明，即使场址具备大型设施所需的电力和输电容量，环保审批也可能施加单独的先后顺序要求。

“This is not just a data center rule. It is the rule for any major project,” Sopko said. “You can often do surveys and reversible site work ahead of the permit. You certainly can in Finland. What you can’t do is clear 300 hectares and call it anticipation.”“这不仅仅是一条数据中心规则，而是任何重大项目的规则，”Sopko说。“你通常可以在取得许可前开展调查和可逆性场地作业。在芬兰当然可以。你不能做的是清理300公顷土地，还称之为预期准备。”

Related:The Ripple Effect of Data Center Project Cancellations and Delays相关：数据中心项目取消与延期的连锁反应

Google Says It Followed Forestry RulesGoogle称其遵守了林业规则

Google said it acted in good faith under Finland’s Forest Act, conducted nature surveys and took measures to protect environmentally valuable areas.Google表示，其根据芬兰《森林法》善意行事，开展了自然调查，并采取措施保护具有环境价值的区域。

“We understand the concern caused by the situation. In this case, we did not meet the high standards we set ourselves,” said Sondre Ronander, communications manager for Finland and Norway at Google, in a public statement.“我们理解这一情况引发的担忧。在本案中，我们没有达到自己设定的高标准，”Google芬兰与挪威传播经理Sondre Ronander在一份公开声明中表示。

Google said it is advancing landscaping and biodiversity plans, including tree planting across 130 hectares at Muhos.Google称其正在推进景观整治和生物多样性计划，包括在Muhos的130公顷土地上植树。

Paloniitty said compliance with forestry rules does not necessarily satisfy separate environmental impact assessment requirements. The two laws serve different purposes, and complying with one does not remove obligations under the other.Paloniitty表示，遵守林业规则并不一定满足单独的环境影响评估要求。两部法律目的不同，遵守其中一项并不能免除另一项规定的义务。

“Compliance with one applicable law does not equal … compliance with other applicable laws,” Paloniitty said.Paloniitty说：“遵守一项适用法律并不等于……遵守其他适用法律。”

Based on publicly available information from LVV and Finnish media, Paloniitty said it appears that Google failed to comply with the Finnish EIA Act, even after the authority indicated that the projects required an environmental impact assessment.Paloniitty表示，根据LVV和芬兰媒体的公开信息，即便主管部门已指出这些项目需要进行环境影响评估，Google似乎仍未遵守芬兰《EIA法》。

“Good faith is not a legally relevant argument here,” she said.她说：“善意在这里并不是法律上相关的论据。”

Paloniitty said the environmental review cannot fully serve its intended purpose once substantial site work has already altered the area being assessed. That also limits the ability to evaluate alternatives and environmental impacts before decisions are made, she said.Paloniitty表示，一旦实质性场地作业已经改变被评估区域，环境审查便无法完全实现其预期目的。她表示，这也限制了在作出决定前评估备选方案和环境影响的能力。

Google’s plans to plant new trees do not resolve that issue, she said.她表示，Google种植新树的计划并不能解决这个问题。

“New trees do not replace a full-grown forest,” Paloniitty said.Paloniitty说：“新树无法取代成熟林。”

Intervention Is ‘Highly Unusual’干预“极不寻常”

Paloniitty described LVV’s intervention as “highly unusual.” She said she could not recall a comparable intervention at this scale, although such action is not entirely without precedent.Paloniitty称LVV的干预“极不寻常”。她表示，尽管此类行动并非完全没有先例，但她想不起还有规模相当的类似干预。

The intervention does not cancel either data center project. It seeks to stop major site work while the environmental assessment procedures are completed.此项干预并未取消任何一个数据中心项目，而是旨在在环境评估程序完成前停止主要场地施工。

The projects can continue through limited activities such as planning, measurements and soil surveys.这些项目可继续开展规划、测量和土壤调查等有限活动。

Tuike Finland has until Oct. 14 to provide LVV with a written explanation and state whether it will comply. Separately, the agency set Oct. 23 as the latest date by which the suspension of major site work must be in effect.Tuike Finland 须在 Oct. 14 前向 LVV 提交书面解释，并说明其是否会遵照执行。另外，该机构将 Oct. 23 定为主要场地施工暂停措施必须生效的最迟日期。

LVV is initially seeking voluntary compliance. If Tuike does not comply, the agency said it will consider initiating a formal enforcement procedure that could be backed by a conditional fine.LVV 最初寻求自愿合规。该机构表示，如果 Tuike 不予遵守，将考虑启动正式执法程序，该程序可能以有条件罚款作为后盾。

This article was originally published on TechTarget.com.
本文最初发布于 TechTarget.com。

About the Author关于作者

Senior News Writer, Informa TechTargetInforma TechTarget 高级新闻撰稿人

Shane Snider is a veteran journalist with more than 20 years of industry experience. He started his career as a general assignment reporter and has covered government, business, education, technology and much more. He was a reporter for the Triangle Business Journal, The Raleigh News & Observer and most recently a tech reporter for CRN. He was also a top wedding photographer for many years, traveling across the country and around the world. He lives in Raleigh, N.C.Shane Snider 是一位拥有超过 20 年行业经验的资深记者。他的职业生涯始于综合报道记者，报道领域涵盖政府、商业、教育、科技等诸多方面。他曾担任 Triangle Business Journal、The Raleigh News & Observer 的记者，最近担任 CRN 的科技记者。他还曾多年担任顶尖婚礼摄影师，走遍全国各地及世界各地。他现居北卡罗来纳州罗利。