「英中对照」CWCT发布针对组合墙与幕墙的TN115、TN116外立面防火技术通告

Designers of complex modern façades are struggling to make them conform to traditional fire safety regulations – so, to help, the Centre for Window and Cladding Technology (CWCT) has published two new Technical Notes (TNs).现代复杂外立面的设计师难以使其符合传统消防安全法规——为此，窗户与覆层技术中心（CWCT）发布了两份新技术说明（TN）。

Fire-stopping is integral to fire strategy, and is required where compartment floors and walls meet the façade, to maintain compartmentation and limit internal fire spread. However, curtain walling is more complex because most such walls are non-fire resisting and run continuously past floor slabs, meaning fire stops may be bypassed by internal or external fire spread.防火封堵是消防策略不可或缺的组成部分；在防火分区楼板和墙体与外立面交汇处，必须进行防火封堵，以维持防火分隔并限制内部火灾蔓延。但幕墙更为复杂，因为大多数此类墙体不具备耐火性能，且连续跨越楼板，意味着内部或外部火灾蔓延可能绕过防火封堵。

The statutory fire safety guidance in Approved Document B (ADB) is based on traditional construction, making it increasingly ineffective and irrelevant in contemporary façades with built-up walls or curtain walls. As a result, CWCT has published TN115 – Fire performance of façades – application to built-up walls, and TN116 – Fire performance of façades – application to curtain walling, to join existing notes TN113 and TN114, which were highlighted in ‘Take note: fire-safe façades’, CIBSE Journal, March 2025 (bit.ly/CJFSF25). See below for full TN titles.《Approved Document B》（ADB）中的法定消防安全指南基于传统建筑，因而在采用组合墙或幕墙的当代外立面中日益失效且缺乏针对性。因此，CWCT发布了TN115——外立面防火性能——在组合墙中的应用和TN116——外立面防火性能——在幕墙中的应用，加入现有TN113和TN114的行列；后两者曾在《CIBSE Journal》2025年3月刊“请注意：防火外立面”中重点介绍（bit.ly/CJFSF25）。完整TN标题见下。

The new additions provide fire safety guidance for contemporary buildings while meeting the intention of the original regulations.这些新增文件为当代建筑提供消防安全指南，同时契合原有法规的意图。

TN115 proposes three approaches to curtain wall fire-stopping:TN115提出了幕墙防火封堵的三种方法：

• Test in accordance with BS EN 1364-4 and use the fire-stop within the direct field of application of the test按照BS EN 1364-4进行测试，并在该测试的直接应用范围内使用防火封堵。
• Test in accordance with EN 1364-4 and use the fire-stop within an extended field of application; can use
  guidance given in EN 15254-6按照EN 1364-4进行测试，并在扩展应用范围内使用防火封堵；可采用
  EN 15254-6给出的指南。
• Detail the fire-stop based on a fire engineering assessment; this would take account of other mitigating measures, such as use of sprinklers and the evacuation strategy.根据消防工程评估对防火封堵进行详细设计；这将考虑其他缓解措施，例如采用自动喷水灭火系统和疏散策略。

At the time of writing, the third option is most likely to be required, particularly for complex curtain walls. This is largely because of a lack of available test evidence, and CWCT encourages more testing to be carried out to support options 1 and 2.撰写本文时，第三种方案最有可能被要求采用，尤其针对复杂幕墙。这主要是因为缺乏可获得的测试证据，CWCT鼓励开展更多测试，以为方案1和方案2提供支持。

Cavities in built-up walls can provide concealed routes for rapid fire and smoke spread, because of the stack effect, trapped heat and limited fire-fighting access. These risks are typically mitigated by the installation of cavity barriers, and TN116 provides detailed guidance on their location, performance and installation.组合墙内的空腔会因烟囱效应、热量积聚以及消防作业通道受限，成为火灾和烟气快速蔓延的隐蔽路径。这些风险通常通过安装空腔防火屏障来缓解，TN116就其设置位置、性能和安装提供了详细指南。

To maintain adequate drainage and ventilation of cavities, ‘open-state’ barriers are used horizontally. These maintain a clear cavity in normal use and expand to block it in the event of fire.为保持空腔具有足够的排水和通风能力，水平设置“开启状态”屏障。这些屏障在正常使用时保持空腔畅通，在发生火灾时膨胀并封堵空腔。

Concerns have been raised about cold smoke spread prior to activation, and CWCT concludes that, in well-constructed modern façades, this risk is limited and recognised by UK guidance, including BS 9991 and the Scottish technical handbooks.人们对屏障启动前的冷烟蔓延表示担忧；CWCT得出结论，在构造良好的现代外立面中，这一风险有限，并且已得到包括BS 9991和 《苏格兰技术手册》在内的英国指南的认可。

TN116 also addresses the limitations of existing test methods for assessing cavity barrier performance in rainscreen systems. While product-level testing to standards such as BS EN 1364-6 and BS EN 1366-4 is required, CWCT cautions that these tests may not fully represent real façade behaviour, particularly where cladding panels or fixings may fail early in a fire, which is likely where lightweight cladding panels are used.TN116还阐述了用于评估雨幕系统中空腔防火屏障性能的现有测试方法的局限性。尽管需要按照BS EN 1364-6和BS EN 1366-4等标准进行产品级测试，但CWCT提醒称，这些测试可能无法完全反映外立面的真实表现，尤其是覆层板或固定件可能在火灾早期失效的情况；在采用轻质覆层板时，这种情况很可能发生。

Large-scale system testing to BS 8414 is discussed as a supplementary tool, but with clear reservations. TN116 reinforces conclusions from the Grenfell Tower Inquiry that BS 8414 should not be used in isolation to demonstrate compliance, but form part of a holistic assessment by a competent fire engineer.文中讨论将依据 BS 8414 开展的大型系统测试作为补充工具，但持明确保留态度。TN116 重申了格伦费尔塔调查的结论，即不应孤立地采用 BS 8414 来证明合规性，而应将其作为具备相应能力的消防工程师所开展整体评估的一部分。

The complex fire safety requirements of modern façades need to be understood by all parties before starting a project. Simply following the prescriptive guidance in ADB may not be sufficient, and a more holistic approach is required.在项目开始前，各方均需理解现代外立面复杂的消防安全要求。仅遵循 ADB 中的处方式指引可能并不足够，还需要采用更整体性的方法。

The required performance for the façade will often depend on the building’s context, and early collaboration between fire and façade disciplines is recommended to ensure requirements are appropriate and achievable.外立面所需达到的性能通常取决于建筑所处的环境，建议消防专业与外立面专业尽早协作，以确保相关要求适宜且可实现。

CWCT fire performance and façade Technical Notes
The two new releases join CWCT’s existing suite of core guidance:CWCT 防火性能与外立面技术说明
这两份新发布文件加入 CWCT 现有的核心指南系列：

• TN113: Fire performance and façades – IntroductionTN113：防火性能与外立面——引言
• TN114: Fire performance and façades – Use of combustible materialsTN114：防火性能与外立面——可燃材料的使用
• TN115: Fire performance of façades – Application to built-up wallsTN115：外立面防火性能——组合墙体应用
• TN116: Fire performance of façades – Application to curtain wallingTN116：外立面防火性能——幕墙应用

The Technical Notes are available at www.cwct.co.uk这些技术说明可在 www.cwct.co.uk 获取。

The post Future-proof fire safety appeared first on CIBSE Journal.面向未来的消防安全 一文最早发表于 CIBSE Journal。