「英中对照」亲生命设计在医疗设施中的作用

Nature-inspired design can support staff well-being and create more welcoming, human-centered healthcare environments.自然启发式设计可以支持员工福祉，创造更温馨、以人为本的医疗环境。

Key Takeaways:  要点： 

• A biophilic design strategy includes daylight, which helps regulate sleep and alertness, while views of trees, gardens or water can offer a calming distraction from pain and anxiety. Patient rooms should be arranged so patients can comfortably see outdoors, while designers also manage privacy and room function. 亲生物设计策略包括日光，它有助于调节睡眠和警觉性，而树木、花园或水景则可以为疼痛和焦虑提供一种令人平静的注意力转移。病房应布置得让患者能够舒适地看到室外，同时设计师也要兼顾隐私和房间功能。 
• Effective outdoor areas provide varied experiences, such as accessible paths, quiet sheltered seating, sensory plantings and opportunities for therapeutic activities. Accessibility — including smooth surfaces, wheelchair access, regular seating and clear wayfinding — is essential. 有效的室外区域提供多样化的体验，例如无障碍通道、安静有遮蔽的座椅、感官植物种植以及开展治疗性活动的机会。无障碍性——包括平整的地面、轮椅通行、间隔设置的座椅和清晰的导视——至关重要。 
• Natural materials, patterns, artwork and environmental graphics can make spaces feel more welcoming and help people navigate complex buildings. These elements should be durable and cleanable; the goal is to combine the benefits of nature-inspired design with infection prevention, maintenance and accessibility requirements. 天然材料、图案、艺术品和环境图形可以让空间感觉更温馨，并帮助人们在复杂的建筑中辨别方向。这些元素应耐用且易于清洁；目标是将自然启发式设计的益处与感染预防、维护和无障碍要求结合起来。 

Research into biophilic design continues to reinforce the importance of nature in the built environment, especially in healthcare settings where patients and visitors may spend long periods of time indoors.  对亲生物设计的研究不断强调自然在建成环境中的重要性，特别是在患者和访客可能长时间待在室内的医疗场所。 

“I define biophilic design in healthcare as the intentional integration of nature, natural systems and nature-inspired elements into the built environment to support physical, emotional and psychological wellbeing,” says Jennifer Turner, senior interior designer for healthcare practice at Little Diversified Architectural Consulting. “For me, biophilic design is not about adding natural details. It is about designing with an understanding of our relationship to nature and using that connection to create healthier, more human-centered environments.” “我将医疗领域的亲生物设计定义为有意地将自然、自然系统和受自然启发的元素融入建成环境，以支持身体、情感和心理的健康，”Little Diversified Architectural Consulting 医疗业务高级室内设计师 Jennifer Turner 表示。“对我来说，亲生物设计并不是简单地添加自然细节，而是带着对我们与自然关系的理解来进行设计，并利用这种联系创造更健康、更以人为本的环境。” 

Daylight and views of nature are very important considerations when integrating biophilic design into healthcare facilities.  在将亲生物设计融入医疗设施时，日光和自然视野是非常重要的考虑因素。 

“Daylight plays an important role in regulating our circadian rhythms, which influence sleep, alertness and overall well-being,” Turner says. “Views of nature also provide what we often describe as a positive distraction. Looking outside at trees, observing changing weather or watching the movement of water can temporarily shift someone's attention away from pain, anxiety or the clinical activities surrounding them.” “日光在调节我们的昼夜节律方面发挥着重要作用，而昼夜节律会影响睡眠、警觉性和整体健康，”Turner 说。“自然景观还提供了我们常称之为积极分心的效果。看看窗外的树木、观察天气变化或观看水的流动，可以暂时将人的注意力从疼痛、焦虑或周围的临床活动中转移开。” 

In a patient room, for example, windows should be positioned to bring daylight deep into the space while providing a meaningful view of the outdoors from the patient’s bed. Arranging the bed so a patient can see the grounds without having to turn awkwardly can make the view a more consistent part of the experience. Family seating can also be positioned near the window, allowing visitors to share that connection. 例如，在病房中，窗户的位置应使日光深入室内，同时让患者躺在病床上就能看到有意义的室外景观。床的摆放应使患者无需费力转身就能看到院区景色，从而让景观成为体验中更持续的一部分。家属座椅也可以设置在窗边，让访客共享这种与自然的联系。 

Window placement should also be coordinated with the room’s functional needs. Designers can consider how daylight reaches the patient bed and visitor seating, while managing glare and maintaining privacy. Where the building layout allows, orienting patient rooms toward courtyards or planted outdoor areas can provide views of nature rather than parking lots or adjacent service spaces.  窗户的布置还应与房间的功能需求相协调。设计师可以考虑日光如何到达病床和访客座椅，同时控制眩光并保护隐私。在建筑布局允许的情况下，将病房朝向庭院或绿化室外区域，可以让患者看到自然景观，而不是停车场或相邻的服务空间。 

Where windows are limited, including imaging departments and interior corridors, complementary strategies may include circadian-supportive lighting, simulated skylights and nature-inspired artwork. Turner notes that some studies of simulated nature experiences have reported reductions in patient stress and anxiety, although outcomes vary by intervention and setting. 在窗户受限的区域（如影像科室和内部走廊），可采用补充性策略，包括支持昼夜节律的照明、模拟天窗以及以自然为灵感的艺术作品。Turner 指出，一些关于模拟自然体验的研究报告称患者压力和焦虑有所减轻，尽管效果因干预方式和环境而异。 

Healing spaces 疗愈空间 

Healing gardens and courtyards extend biophilic design beyond the building envelope.  疗愈花园和庭院将亲生物设计延伸到建筑围护结构之外。 

“A restorative outdoor environment should provide opportunities for people to reconnect with nature in ways that support their individual needs,” Turner says. “一个具有疗愈作用的户外环境应当提供机会，让人们以支持其个人需求的方式重新与自然建立联系，”Turner 说。 

That means designing outdoor spaces with a range of experiences in mind, from open gardens and accessible walking paths to quiet, sheltered areas for reflection. 这意味着在设计户外空间时要考虑一系列体验，从开放式花园和无障碍步行道，到安静、有遮蔽的沉思区域。 

“In hospice environments, healing courtyards provide caregivers and families with a restorative retreat from the emotional demands of end-of-life care,” Turner says. “Access to nature, fresh air, daylight and quiet seating offers opportunities for reflection, emotional decompression and moments of peace. These thoughtfully designed spaces support caregiver well-being by providing calm, privacy and a connection to nature during an emotionally challenging time.” “在临终关怀环境中，疗愈庭院为护理人员和家属提供了一个远离临终照护情感压力的休憩之所，”Turner 说。“接触自然、新鲜空气、日光和安静的座椅，为人们提供了沉思、情绪舒缓和享受宁静时刻的机会。这些经过精心设计的空间通过在充满情感挑战的时期提供平静、私密和与自然的联系，来支持护理人员的身心健康。” 

HFT Recommends: The Benefits of Biophilic Design in Healthcare FacilitiesHFT 推荐：亲生物设计在医疗设施中的益处

Sensory elements can make these environments more engaging. Ornamental grasses moving in the wind, seasonal plantings, familiar fragrances and the sounds of nature can strengthen connections to the outdoors. Edible gardens and raised planters may also encourage participation in therapeutic activities. 感官元素可以使这些环境更具吸引力。随风摇曳的观赏草、季节性植物、熟悉的气味以及自然的声音，都能加强与户外的联系。可食用花园和高架种植槽还可以鼓励人们参与疗愈活动。 

“Accessibility must remain a priority. We need to consider smooth walking surfaces, appropriate transitions, wheelchair access, seating at regular intervals and clear wayfinding,” Turner says. “无障碍必须始终是优先事项。我们需要考虑平整的步行路面、适当的过渡衔接、轮椅通行、按一定间隔设置的座椅以及清晰的导视系统，”Turner 说。 

These principles also apply to staff outdoor spaces. Providing accessible gardens and quieter areas away from busy clinical environments can give healthcare employees opportunities to decompress during demanding shifts. 这些原则同样适用于员工户外空间。提供无障碍花园和远离繁忙临床环境的安静区域，可以让医护人员在紧张的轮班期间获得放松减压的机会。 

Natural materials and nature-inspired patterns offer additional opportunities to make healthcare interiors feel less institutional. 天然材料和以自然为灵感的图案，为医疗空间内饰摆脱机构化氛围提供了更多机会。 

“One of the biggest misconceptions is that biophilic design simply means adding plants, wood-look finishes or nature-inspired artwork,” Turner says. “We should consider how natural light, spatial relationships, materials, environmental graphics and outdoor connections work together.” “最大的误解之一是认为亲生物设计仅仅意味着添加植物、仿木饰面或以自然为灵感的艺术品，”Turner 说。“我们应当思考自然光、空间关系、材料、环境图形和户外连接如何协同发挥作用。” 

Natural patterns offer an opportunity to incorporate biophilic principles.  自然图案为融入亲生物设计原则提供了契机。 

“Richard Taylor and other researchers have explored how viewing certain naturally occurring patterns, such as those found in tree canopies, water and landscapes, can influence physiological stress responses,” Turner says. “Healthcare environments can incorporate these patterns through artwork, architectural forms and environmental graphics.” “Richard Taylor 和其他研究人员探索了观看某些自然形成的图案（如树冠、水体和景观中的图案）如何影响人的生理性应激反应，”Turner 说。“医疗环境可以通过艺术品、建筑形式和环境图形融入这些图案。” 

For facility managers, these strategies require careful material selection. Wood-look finishes, for example, can provide the visual warmth of wood while allowing designers to specify surfaces suited to cleaning and maintenance requirements. Organic patterns can be incorporated into durable wall coverings, and nature-inspired graphics can bring visual interest to corridors and treatment areas. 对于设施管理者而言，这些策略需要谨慎的材料选择。例如，仿木饰面既能提供木材的视觉温暖感，又能让设计师指定符合清洁和维护要求的表面。有机图案可以融入耐用的墙面材料中，而以自然为灵感的图形可以为走廊和治疗区域增添视觉趣味。 

“In the interior environment, we can incorporate durable, cleanable materials that evoke natural elements while still meeting healthcare requirements for infection prevention and maintenance,” Turner says.  “在室内环境中，我们可以采用耐用、易清洁的材料，既能唤起自然元素的意象，同时仍能满足医疗行业在感染防控和维护方面的要求，”Turner 说。

Flooring and visual transitions also require particular attention. Large, high-contrast patterns or abrupt changes between materials can make surfaces appear uneven or create confusion for some patients, particularly those with visual or cognitive impairments.  地面材质和视觉过渡同样需要特别关注。大面积、高对比度的图案或材料之间的突变，可能使地面看起来不平整，或给部分患者造成困惑，尤其是那些有视觉或认知障碍的患者。

“The goal is not to compromise clinical performance for aesthetics. It is to find opportunities where the two can work together,” Turner says.  “我们的目标不是以牺牲临床性能来换取美观，而是要找到两者能够协同发挥作用的契机，”Turner 说。

Biophilic design can have a role in patient rooms, waiting areas, behavioral health environments, staff spaces and circulation areas.  亲自然设计可以在病房、候诊区、行为健康环境、员工空间以及通行区域中发挥作用。

“In our healthcare projects, we have used nature-inspired imagery, large-scale murals and environmental graphics to establish recognizable landmarks,” Turner says. “These features can help patients and visitors navigate complex facilities and may reduce the interruptions staff experience when giving directions.” “在我们的医疗项目中，我们运用以自然为灵感的图像、大型壁画和环境图形来打造易于辨识的地标，”Turner 说，“这些设计元素可以帮助患者和访客在复杂的设施中找到方向，还可能减少工作人员在指路时被打断的情况。”

The key is to integrate these principles throughout the facility rather than concentrating them in a lobby or a single feature space. 关键在于将这些原则贯穿于整个设施之中，而不是仅仅集中在大堂或某一个特色空间里。

“I believe biophilic design will continue to evolve from aesthetic consideration into a more integrated component of healthcare planning and evidence-based design,” Turner says. “Ultimately, I believe the future of healthcare design is about creating environments that not only support care delivery but also recognize the human need for comfort, connection and restoration.” “我相信亲自然设计将不断演进，从一种审美层面的考量，转变为医疗规划和循证设计中更为有机融合的组成部分，”Turner 说，“归根结底，我认为医疗设计的未来在于营造这样的环境：不仅支持诊疗服务的开展，同时也回应人类对舒适、联结与身心修复的需求。”

Elaina Myers is the assistant editor of the facilities market. She has covered various topics from pest management to resilience to sustainability and covers all holidays and special days in the facilities field. She also manages the FacilitiesNet social media accounts.Elaina Myers 是设施市场的助理编辑。她报道过从害虫防治到韧性再到可持续发展等多个主题，并负责设施领域所有节假日和特殊纪念日的报道。她还管理 FacilitiesNet 的社交媒体账号。