电网约束推动荷兰数据中心容量从阿姆斯特丹向区域分流

Amsterdam buildings at sunrise

Deliverable power now outweighs land, incentives, and even fiber in Dutch site selection.Getty Images在荷兰的数据中心选址中，可交付电力如今比土地、激励政策甚至光纤更为重要。Getty Images

Amsterdam’s data center market continues to grow, but the very infrastructure that made it a European hub increasingly determines where new capacity can be built.阿姆斯特丹数据中心市场持续增长，但使其成为欧洲枢纽的基础设施本身，正日益决定新容量能够建在何处。

As of Q1 2026, the city was Europe’s fourth-largest data center market, with inventory up 11% year over year, or 64.3 MW, according to CBRE’s 2026 market review. Its vacancy rate tightened to 9.4%, evidence that customers continue to absorb capacity even as power constraints and planning restrictions limit development.截至2026年第一季度，该市是欧洲第四大数据中心市场，存量同比增长11%，即64.3 MW，数据来自CBRE 2026年市场评估。其空置率收紧至9.4%，表明尽管电力约束和规划限制制约了开发，客户仍在继续吸纳容量。

JLL’s latest EMEA report shows that in H1 2026, Amsterdam delivered 16.3 MW, while Paris added 72.5 MW over the same period. Amsterdam still offers the connectivity, customers, and operators of a top-tier hub, but faster growth is shifting toward locations that can provide large power blocks on reliable schedules.JLL最新EMEA报告显示，2026年上半年阿姆斯特丹交付16.3 MW，而巴黎同期新增72.5 MW。阿姆斯特丹仍具备顶级枢纽的连通性、客户和运营商，但更快的增长正转向能够按可靠时间表提供大型电力区块的地点。

The Dutch market is therefore set to become more geographically dispersed. Amsterdam remains the commercial and network center, while Rotterdam, Groningen, Eindhoven, and other regional markets compete for projects the capital cannot accommodate.因此，荷兰市场的地域分布将更加分散。阿姆斯特丹仍是商业和网络中心，而鹿特丹、格罗宁根、埃因霍温及其他区域市场则在争夺首都无法容纳的项目。

Amsterdam’s Network Advantage Holds阿姆斯特丹的网络优势依然保持

Amsterdam’s status within the FLAP-D group – Frankfurt, London, Amsterdam, Paris, and Dublin – rests on an interconnection ecosystem built over decades. In 2025, the Amsterdam Internet Exchange (AMS-IX) handled 35.66 exabytes of traffic, four times its 2015 volume, and ended 2025 with 902 connected parties. That density keeps carriers, cloud providers, content companies, and enterprises close to the networks they need, conferring an advantage on established colocation operators that newer markets cannot quickly replicate.阿姆斯特丹在FLAP-D集团（法兰克福、伦敦、阿姆斯特丹、巴黎和都柏林）中的地位，基于数十年建立起来的互联生态系统。2025年，阿姆斯特丹互联网交换中心（AMS-IX）处理了35.66 exabytes流量，是其2015年流量的四倍，并在2025年底拥有902个连接方。这种密度使电信运营商、云服务提供商、内容公司和企业贴近其所需网络，让老牌托管运营商具备了新兴市场无法快速复制的优势。

“Amsterdam is characterized by the availability of skilled labor and an established infrastructure by large colocation service providers such as Equinix and Digital Realty,” said Luis Fernandes, senior research manager for cloud, data centers, and enterprise infrastructure at IDC, in an interview with Data Center Knowledge. He also noted the large number of subsea cables landing in the Netherlands from multiple regions.“阿姆斯特丹的特点在于拥有熟练劳动力，以及由Equinix和Digital Realty等大型托管服务提供商构建的成熟基础设施，”IDC云、数据中心与企业基础设施高级研究经理Luis Fernandes在接受Data Center Knowledge采访时表示。他还指出，大量来自多个地区的海底电缆在荷兰登陆。

Geography reinforces this position. Amsterdam offers low-latency access to major European business centers, a mature enterprise customer base, and an energy market where operators can pursue renewable power purchase agreements (PPAs).地理因素巩固了这一地位。阿姆斯特丹可提供通往欧洲主要商业中心的低延迟接入、成熟的企业客户群，以及一个运营商可寻求签订可再生电力购电协议（PPA）的能源市场。

“Add to this a favorable energy mix with a large component of offshore wind farms, as well as a prime market for sustainable PPAs,” Alex Mariage, head of regional operations at global data center consultancy BCS, told Data Center Knowledge. “This continues to make Amsterdam a very attractive and traditional opportunity for global investments.”“除此之外，有利的能源结构包含很大比重的海上风电场，还有一流的可持续PPA市场，”全球数据中心咨询公司BCS区域运营负责人Alex Mariage对Data Center Knowledge.表示，“这继续使阿姆斯特丹成为全球投资一个极具吸引力的传统机遇。”

These advantages support demand, but they do not guarantee a grid connection. The challenge is to preserve Amsterdam’s network ecosystem while placing workloads where power is actually available.这些优势支撑了需求，但不能保证获得电网连接。挑战在于，既要保留阿姆斯特丹的网络生态系统，又要将工作负载部署在实际有电力可用的地方。

The Equinix AM3 data center tower in Amsterdam

The Equinix AM3 data center tower in Amsterdam. (Image: Getty Images)阿姆斯特丹的Equinix AM3数据中心塔楼。（图片：Getty Images）

Deliverable Power Dictates the Next Build可交付电力决定下一轮建设

Deliverable power now outweighs land prices, incentives, and even fiber in site selection. Developers need to know when a connection will arrive, how much capacity it will provide, and whether equipment can be procured in time to use it.可交付电力如今在选址中的重要性已超过土地价格、激励政策，甚至光纤。开发商需要知道接入何时到位、可提供多少容量，以及能否及时采购设备以利用该接入。

“Site selection in 2026 is driven primarily by deliverable power,” Assad Noori, executive director and EMEA head of data centers at JLL, told Data Center Knowledge. “If developers cannot secure megawatts on a predictable timeline, incentives, land costs, and fiber connectivity become secondary.”“2026年的选址主要由可交付电力驱动，”JLL执行董事兼EMEA数据中心主管Assad Noori对Data Center Knowledge表示。“如果开发商无法在可预测的时间内获得兆瓦级电力，激励政策、土地成本和光纤连通性就会退居次位。”

“If developers cannot secure megawatts on a predictable timeline, incentives, land costs, and fiber connectivity become secondary.” – Assad Noori, executive director and EMEA head of data centers at JLL“如果开发商无法在可预测的时间内获得兆瓦级电力，激励政策、土地成本和光纤连通性就会退居次位。”——JLL执行董事兼EMEA数据中心主管Assad Noori

AI has amplified the volume of requests reaching utilities and developers. Noori noted that single-site requirements, once in the 30-60 MW range, can now reach 300 MW, while transformer lead times can extend up to three years. Power commitments and long-lead equipment orders must therefore precede construction by years. “Cost and delivery timeline are now co-equal with availability in site decisions,” he said.AI放大了送达公用事业公司和开发商的申请量。Noori指出，单站需求以往处于30-60 MW区间，如今可达300 MW，而变压器交付周期最长可延至三年。因此，电力承诺和长交付周期设备订单必须早于建设数年落实。他表示：“在选址决策中，成本和交付时间现在与电力可获得性同等重要。”

Behind-the-meter generation can help when grid queues become too long. Noori advises developers to establish their queue position, connection cohort, offtake and export rights, backup service terms, exit rights, and penalties before committing to a site.表后发电可在并网排队时间过长时发挥作用。Noori建议开发商在承诺选址前，先确定其排队顺位、接入批次、承购与外送权利、备用服务条款、退出权及罚则。

Amsterdam’s limited land has encouraged taller data centers, enabling more intensive site use but complicating planning and permitting. Flood risk is addressed through national and regional defenses, with some facilities adding perimeter floodgates.阿姆斯特丹有限的土地促使数据中心向高空发展，从而提高场地利用强度，但也使规划和许可更为复杂。洪水风险通过国家和区域防洪设施应对，部分设施还增设了周边防洪闸。

Mariage said the Dutch engineering response to land and water constraints is mature, but the electricity bottleneck is now slowing projects. “Grid congestion is the key challenge here,” he said. “Every investor will confirm that this aspect is the top constraint slowing down projects and investments at the moment.”Mariage表示，荷兰针对土地和水资源限制的工程应对已成熟，但电力瓶颈如今正在拖慢项目。他说：“电网拥堵是这里的关键挑战。每位投资者都会证实，这一方面是当前拖慢项目和投资的最大制约因素。”

Capacity Shifts to Rotterdam and Regional Hubs容量向鹿特丹和区域枢纽转移

Amsterdam’s constraints do not suppress demand; they widen the search radius. National policy generally restricts hyperscale facilities to designated zones in Hollands Kroon (including Middenmeer) and Het Hogeland (home to Eemshaven). Meanwhile, colocation and other developments are testing a broader field of Dutch locations.阿姆斯特丹的限制并未抑制需求，反而扩大了搜索半径。国家政策通常将超大规模设施限制在Hollands Kroon（包括Middenmeer）和Het Hogeland（Eemshaven所在地）的指定区域内。与此同时，主机托管及其他开发项目正在荷兰更广泛的地点试水。

Rotterdam stands out for certain workloads, combining port infrastructure, proximity to Amsterdam, an established business base, and experience in reclaiming former harbor land. The AMS-IX added a Rotterdam point of presence in April 2026, strengthening the city’s role on the national connectivity map.鹿特丹在某些工作负载方面表现突出，它兼具港口基础设施、邻近阿姆斯特丹、成熟的商业基础以及旧港土地复垦经验。AMS-IX于2026年4月增设了鹿特丹接入点，强化了该城市在全国连通性地图中的角色。

Fernandes said Rotterdam’s ability to build vertically and reuse industrial land gives it options, though it faces many of the same power and space pressures as Amsterdam. “One obvious choice would be Rotterdam,” he said. “It is the largest port in Europe.”Fernandes表示，鹿特丹垂直建设和再利用工业用地的能力为其提供了多种选择，尽管它面临与阿姆斯特丹许多相同的电力和空间压力。他说：“一个显而易见的选择会是鹿特丹。它是欧洲最大的港口。”

Opportunities extend farther. Mariage pointed to Groningen’s existing data center sector, Eindhoven’s technology cluster, and the eastern provinces of Overijssel, Gelderland, and Limburg, which could benefit from growth across the border in North Rhine-Westphalia. The Netherlands’ compact geography makes decentralization practical, but regional sites need adequate power, fiber routes, skilled labor, and municipal support. Available land alone is not enough to create a viable data center cluster.机遇还在向更远的地方延伸。Mariage 指出，Groningen 现有的数据中心产业、Eindhoven 的技术集群，以及 Overijssel、Gelderland 和 Limburg 等东部省份，都可能从边境另一侧 North Rhine-Westphalia 的增长中受益。荷兰紧凑的地理条件使分散化发展切实可行，但区域站点需要充足的电力、光纤路由、熟练劳动力和市政支持。仅凭可用土地不足以打造一个具备可持续发展能力的数据中心集群。

Aerial drone photo of Microsoft data centers in Middenmeer, Netherlands

Microsoft data centers in Middenmeer. (Image: Getty Images)Middenmeer 的 Microsoft 数据中心。（图片：Getty Images）

Policy Will Determine the Market’s Reach政策将决定市场的覆盖范围

Amsterdam tightened its development framework in June 2025 by halting the construction of new large data centers in the city. National policy also bars hyperscale projects – defined as at least 10 hectares and 70 MW – from most of the country. These controls protect scarce land and grid capacity, but shifting rules complicate long-range investment decisions.Amsterdam 于 2025 年 6 月收紧了开发框架，停止建设市内新的大型数据中心。国家政策还禁止超大规模项目——定义为至少 10 公顷和 70 MW——进入全国大部分地区。这些管控措施保护了稀缺的土地和电网容量，但不断变化的规则使长期投资决策变得复杂。

Offshore, the Netherlands faces another infrastructure decision. The Dutch Subsea Cable Coalition reports that all but four of the country’s cables are over 25 years old, and the number of active systems could fall from 11 to four. It is calling for at least two new open intercontinental cables to meet growing international bandwidth demand.在海缆领域，荷兰面临另一项基础设施决策。Dutch Subsea Cable Coalition 报告称，该国除 4 条海缆外，其余所有海缆都已服役超过 25 年，在用系统数量可能从 11 个降至 4 个。该组织呼吁至少建设两条新的开放洲际海缆，以满足日益增长的国际带宽需求。

Fernandes said grid capacity and physical space remain immediate priorities, but aging cables could erode the connectivity advantage underpinning Amsterdam’s market. “The Netherlands has fewer cables than other main European hubs, and even some of the new emerging markets in Europe have already overtaken the Netherlands in the number of connections,” he said.Fernandes 表示，电网容量和物理空间仍是最紧迫的优先事项，但老化的海缆可能会削弱支撑 Amsterdam 市场的连通性优势。“荷兰的海缆数量少于其他欧洲主要枢纽，即便是欧洲一些新兴市场，在连接数量上也已经超过荷兰，”他说。

Maintaining the country’s position will require grid expansion, faster interconnection permitting, more renewable generation, new subsea capacity, and a clearer division of growth between Amsterdam and regional markets. Operators must also demonstrate to municipalities how projects deliver value through land use, heat reuse, employment, and infrastructure investment.要保持该国的地位，需要扩建电网、加快互联许可审批、增加可再生能源发电、新增海缆容量，并在 Amsterdam 与区域市场之间更清晰地划分增长布局。运营商还必须向市政当局展示，项目如何通过土地利用、余热利用、就业和基础设施投资创造价值。

As Mariage cautioned, the industry cannot leave that case entirely to regulators, particularly when communities see data centers consuming resources without understanding their role in the digital economy.正如 Mariage 告诫的那样，行业不能把这项论证完全留给监管机构，尤其是在社区只看到数据中心消耗资源、却不了解其在数字经济中作用的情况下。

“The way forward is for the industry to take the lead and come up with practical solutions for the regulator,” Mariage said. “Until that’s the case, projects will continue to face pushback from both regulators and local communities.”Mariage 说：“未来的方向是由行业牵头，为监管机构拿出切实可行的解决方案。在这一点实现之前，项目将继续面临来自监管机构和当地社区的双重阻力。”

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Nathan Eddy covers data center trends and technologies across multiple industries. A graduate of Northwestern University’s Medill School of Journalism, he is also a documentary filmmaker specializing in architecture and urban planning. He currently lives in Berlin, Germany.Nathan Eddy 报道多个行业的数据中心趋势与技术。他毕业于 Northwestern University’s Medill School of Journalism，同时也是一名专攻建筑与城市规划题材的纪录片制片人。他目前居住在德国 Berlin。