「英中对照」如何排查建筑 ENERGY STAR 分数的变化

A major shift in a building’s ENERGY STAR score can quickly catch a property team’s attention. When the score changes by several points between reporting periods, the team may wonder whether equipment, operations, occupancy, or energy use has changed. Before drawing conclusions, though, it’s important to understand what may be behind the number. 建筑物的 ENERGY STAR 分数出现大幅波动，往往会迅速引起物业团队的注意。当分数在两个报告期之间变化了若干分时，团队可能会想是否是设备、运营、入住率或能耗发生了变化。不过，在得出结论之前，重要的是先了解这个数字背后可能的原因。 

The 1–100 ENERGY STAR score measures a building’s energy performance against similar buildings nationwide. Its methodology accounts for factors such as weather and operating characteristics, including hours of operation and other property-specific variables. The score is based on energy data and information entered into ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. 1–100 的 ENERGY STAR 分数衡量的是一栋建筑与全国同类建筑相比的能源表现。其计算方法考虑了天气和运营特征等因素，包括运营时长以及其他物业特有的变量。该分数基于输入 ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager 的能源数据和信息。 

Start With the Energy Data 从能源数据入手 

The first step is to look beyond the score itself. Portfolio Manager provides more than 100 metrics to help property teams analyze energy use over time, including site and source energy, energy use intensity, and weather-normalized metrics. EPA also recommends comparing 12-month periods when evaluating changes in building performance. 第一步是跳出分数本身来看问题。Portfolio Manager 提供 100 多项指标，帮助物业团队分析能耗随时间的变化，包括现场能源和源头能源、能源使用强度以及经天气标准化的指标。EPA 还建议在评估建筑性能变化时比较 12 个月的周期。 

Start by comparing the current reporting period with the previous period and, if possible, with the same period in earlier years. Look for changes in total electricity and natural gas use, as well as consumption of any other fuels used by the property. If the score changes at the same time as a substantial shift in energy use, take a closer look at what happened in the building during that period. 首先将当前报告期与上一报告期进行比较，如果可能的话，再与往年同期进行比较。留意总用电量和天然气用量的变化，以及物业所使用的任何其他燃料的消耗量。如果分数变化与能耗的大幅变动同时发生，就要仔细查看该期间建筑内发生了什么。 

It can also be useful to examine energy use intensity (EUI), which relates energy consumption to a property’s size. Comparing EUI with total consumption can help distinguish changes driven by the amount of space being operated from changes in how efficiently that space uses energy. 考察能源使用强度（EUI）也很有帮助，它将能耗与物业的面积相关联。将 EUI 与总消耗量进行比较，有助于区分是由运营空间面积变化驱动的变动，还是空间用能效率发生的变化。 

Check Weather and Operating Conditions 核查天气和运营状况 

Weather-normalized metrics provide another point of comparison. Portfolio Manager adjusts weather-normalized energy metrics to reflect what the building would have consumed under average weather conditions, making them useful for comparing performance across periods with different weather. 经天气标准化的指标提供了另一个比较角度。Portfolio Manager 会对经天气标准化的能源指标进行调整，以反映建筑在平均天气条件下的能耗，因此可用于比较不同天气条件下各时期的性能。 

Weather is already factored into the ENERGY STAR score, but it still matters when investigating a change. An unusually hot or cold period can affect a building’s actual energy use, particularly when heating and cooling loads are significant. 天气因素已经计入 ENERGY STAR 分数，但在调查分数变化时仍然很重要。异常炎热或寒冷的时期会影响建筑的实际能耗，尤其是在供暖和制冷负荷较大时。 

Compare energy use with weather-normalized energy use to see whether weather may explain part of the change. For example, if consumption rose during an unusually hot summer but weather-normalized consumption stayed relatively stable, the score change may have a different explanation than it would for a building whose consumption increased even after accounting for weather. 将实际能耗与经天气标准化的能耗进行比较，看看天气是否可以解释部分变化。例如，如果消耗量在异常炎热的夏季上升，但经天气标准化的消耗量保持相对稳定，那么与在剔除天气因素后消耗量仍然增加的建筑相比，分数变化可能有不同的解释。 

Review the Information in Portfolio Manager 检查 Portfolio Manager 中的信息 

A score is only as useful as the information behind it. If it changes unexpectedly, review the property information in Portfolio Manager alongside the utility data. 分数的可靠性取决于其背后的信息。如果分数出现意外变化，请在核查公用事业数据的同时，检查 Portfolio Manager 中的物业信息。 

Confirm that the building’s gross floor area, property type, and property-use information are up to date. Review operating hours and any other variables relevant to the property type, as well as occupancy or other usage information where applicable. Portfolio Manager uses these details to normalize the building’s performance. 确认建筑物的总建筑面积、物业类型和物业使用信息均为最新。检查运营时间以及与物业类型相关的任何其他变量，并在适用情况下检查占用率或其他使用情况信息。Portfolio Manager 使用这些详细信息对建筑物的性能进行标准化处理。 

Utility data should receive the same level of scrutiny. Verify that all applicable meters and fuel types are included, and that billing periods are complete and accurate. To receive a 1–100 ENERGY STAR score, EPA requires at least 12 consecutive full months of energy data covering every active meter and fuel type at the property. 公用事业数据应接受同等程度的审查。核实所有适用的计量表和燃料类型均已包含在内，且账单周期完整、准确。要获得 1–100 的 ENERGY STAR 评分，EPA 要求至少提供连续 12 个完整月份的能源数据，涵盖物业内每个在用计量表和燃料类型。 

A score change after a data correction should be interpreted differently from one that follows a documented operational or equipment change. Keeping good records of meter information, utility bills, and property-use updates can make the comparison much easier. 数据更正后出现的评分变化，其解读方式应不同于在有记录的运营或设备变更之后出现的变化。妥善保存计量表信息、公用事业账单和物业使用更新的记录，可以使比较容易得多。 

Look for Changes in Equipment and Building Operations 查找设备和建筑运营方面的变化 

After reviewing the data, examine what happened inside the building. Consider whether major equipment was replaced, repaired, taken offline, or operated differently during the reporting period. Changes to HVAC equipment, controls, lighting, building automation systems, or other significant energy-consuming systems may affect energy use. Maintenance records, work orders, and building automation data can help identify changes that align with the timing of a score shift. 审查数据之后，检查建筑物内部发生了什么。考虑报告期内是否有主要设备被更换、维修、停用或以不同方式运行。HVAC 设备、控制系统、照明、楼宇自动化系统或其他主要耗能系统的变化都可能影响能源使用。维护记录、工单和楼宇自动化数据可以帮助识别与评分变化时间相吻合的变更。 

Operating practices can be just as important as equipment. Review changes to temperature setpoints, schedules, start-up and shutdown procedures, ventilation, after-hours requests, and other practices that affect building energy use. 运营实践可能与设备同等重要。检查温度设定值、时间表、启停程序、通风、下班后使用请求以及其他影响建筑能源使用的实践方面的变化。 

The ENERGY STAR score alone cannot identify which piece of equipment caused a change. EPA describes it as a screening tool that indicates a building’s energy performance but does not explain why the building performs at that level. Additional building-level analysis is needed to identify the cause. 仅凭 ENERGY STAR 评分无法确定是哪台设备导致了变化。EPA 将其描述为一种筛查工具，可以表明建筑物的能源性能，但不能解释建筑物为何处于该性能水平。需要开展额外的建筑层面分析来确定原因。 

Compare the Timing 比较时间点 

If the score changed after commissioning a new HVAC system, changing operating hours, or a major tenant moving into the building, use that event as a useful point of comparison. Compare monthly energy consumption before and after the change instead of relying only on annual totals. 如果评分是在新 HVAC 系统投入使用、运营时间改变或主要租户迁入建筑物之后发生变化的，可将该事件作为有用的比较点。比较变化前后的月度能耗，而不是仅依赖年度总量。 

This approach can also uncover problems that an annual score might miss. A gradual increase in energy use over several months may point to equipment degradation, control issues, or operational changes. By contrast, a sharp increase in one month may call for a different investigation, such as checking for an unusual utility bill, a billing-period issue, or a temporary operating condition. 这种方法还可以发现年度评分可能遗漏的问题。数月内能源使用的逐渐增加可能表明设备性能退化、控制问题或运营变化。相比之下，某一个月的急剧增加则可能需要进行不同的调查，例如检查是否存在异常的公用事业账单、账单周期问题或临时运行状况。 

Consider Whether the Score Model Changed 考虑评分模型是否发生变化 

Sometimes a building has not changed at all, but the methodology used to calculate its score has. EPA periodically updates ENERGY STAR score models as new market data becomes available. These updates can affect scores even when a building’s energy consumption and operating conditions have remained relatively consistent. EPA notes that score calculations, including historical scores, are periodically updated to reflect the current state of commercial buildings. 有时建筑本身完全没有变化，但用于计算其分数的方法发生了变化。EPA 会随着新市场数据的出现定期更新 ENERGY STAR 评分模型。即使建筑的能耗和运营条件保持相对稳定，这些更新也可能影响分数。EPA 指出，分数计算（包括历史分数）会定期更新，以反映商业建筑的当前状况。 

For that reason, a sudden change across the portfolio warrants a different investigation than a change affecting just one property. If several buildings of the same property type change around the same time, check whether EPA has announced an update to that property type’s ENERGY STAR score model. 因此，整个资产组合出现突然变化时，所需的调查方式不同于仅影响单个物业的变化。如果同一物业类型的多栋建筑在大致相同的时间发生变化，请检查 EPA 是否已宣布对该物业类型的 ENERGY STAR 评分模型进行更新。 

Build a Record of the Investigation 建立调查记录 

Once you’ve identified the likely cause, document it. A simple record can include the reporting periods compared, the change in score, changes in energy use and EUI, relevant weather conditions, updates to property information, operational changes, and any equipment work completed during the period. 确定可能的原因后，请将其记录在案。一份简单的记录可以包括：所对比的报告期、分数变化、能源使用和 EUI 的变化、相关天气状况、物业信息的更新、运营变化，以及该期间内完成的任何设备工作。 

This creates a useful history for future benchmarking, helping teams avoid repeatedly investigating the same issue. It also gives property managers, engineers, owners, and sustainability teams a shared record for discussing building performance. 这为今后的基准比对建立了有用的历史记录，帮助团队避免反复调查同一问题。它还为物业经理、工程师、业主和可持续发展团队提供了一个共同的记录，用于讨论建筑性能。 

Thank you to our ENERGY STAR Month sponsor, Georgia Power感谢我们的 ENERGY STAR 月赞助商 Georgia Power

Learn More about Georgia Power’s Commercial Energy Efficiency Program here.点击此处进一步了解 Georgia Power 的商业能效计划。

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