「英中对照」美国交通部推进将新建公共交通项目资金与结婚率、出生率挂钩的计划

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Dive Brief 深度简报

The Federal Transit Authority has published new guidance on the demographic factors proposed in early 2025 to determine the share of a project DOT covers.联邦公共交通管理局发布了新指南，涉及2025年初提出的人口统计因素，这些因素用于确定交通部（DOT）为一个项目承担的资金份额。

Published Oct. 13, 2026 发布于2026年10月13日

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Dive Brief:深度简报：

• The U.S. DOT has furthered its effort to tie funding for new transit construction projects to marriage and birth rates. The Federal Transit Administration proposed new guidance this month for the Capital Investment Grants program for regions with “birth or marriage rates at or above the national average.”美国交通部进一步推进了将新公共交通建设项目的资金与结婚率和出生率挂钩的努力。联邦公共交通管理局本月针对资本投资拨款（Capital Investment Grants，CIG）项目提出了新指南，适用于“出生率或结婚率达到或高于全国平均水平”的地区。
• The proposal is part of a larger definition change, adjusting the share of the CIG that the FTA would provide for a total overall project cost. Above-average marriage and birth rates could up the share by 5% each.该提案是一项更大范围定义变更的一部分，旨在调整FTA在项目总成本中承担的CIG资金份额。高于全国平均水平的结婚率和出生率可分别使该份额提高5%。
• Plans for the guidance have existed since the early days of President Donald Trump’s second term, when Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy backed the administration’s agenda to “rescind woke policies” and ease regulations.该指南的规划自唐纳德·特朗普总统第二任期初期就已存在，当时交通部长Sean Duffy支持政府“废除觉醒政策”并放松监管的议程。

Dive Insight:深度解读：

Other proposed factors that would boost CIG’s funding share of a project include cost-effectiveness and congestion relief.其他拟议的可提高CIG对项目资金份额的因素还包括成本效益和缓解拥堵。

Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., characterized the proposal as “bizarre and dystopian,” in an official statement on the Senate Appropriations Committee website. The vice chair of the committee, Murray said the change would apply to 40 projects already in the CIG program, which would potentially trigger new rating and cost-share requirements.华盛顿州民主党参议员Patty Murray在参议院拨款委员会网站上发表的官方声明中，称该提案“怪异且反乌托邦”。Murray是该委员会的副主席，她表示这一变更将适用于已在CIG项目中的40个项目，可能触发新的评级和成本分担要求。

That could lead to project redesigns or redos on environmental reviews, potentially increasing construction costs, Murray said. Murray表示，这可能导致项目重新设计或重新进行环境审查，从而可能推高建设成本。

Notably, the CIG calculation share can also be negative: for example, a project deemed to have low cost effectiveness is paired with a CIG adjustment factor of -25%. The proposal does not include negative adjustments for lower marriage or birth rates, just positive additions for higher rates.值得注意的是，CIG 的计算份额也可以为负：例如，一个被认为成本效益较低的项目，会被配以 -25% 的 CIG 调整系数。该提案不包括针对较低结婚率或出生率的负向调整，只包括对较高比率的正向加成。

But Murray said the proposal could reduce CIG funding for important projects below the 40% floor set by Congress in annual funding bills, a benchmark in place since 2020. 但 Murray 表示，该提案可能会把重要项目的 CIG 资金削减到低于国会在年度拨款法案中设定的 40% 下限，这一基准自 2020 年以来一直实行。 

Murray also pointed to research by the Urban Institute that found the practice of tying funding to marriage and birth rates would prioritize White communities. “Residents of areas with high marriage and birth rates are much more likely to be white and much less likely to be Black or Hispanic,” according to the research.Murray 还指出，Urban Institute 的研究发现，将资金与结婚率和出生率挂钩的做法会优先考虑白人社区。该研究称：“结婚率和出生率高的地区，其居民是白人的可能性要大得多，而是黑人或西班牙裔的可能性要低得多。”

“Tying funding for transit projects to marriage rates and how many babies a woman has is the sort of bizarre and dystopian idea you’d expect in a TV show, not actual policy put forth by the U.S. government—yet here we are,” Murray said in her statement. Murray 在声明中表示：“把交通项目的资金与结婚率以及一个女性生育了多少个孩子挂钩，是那种你只会期望在电视剧中看到的怪诞而反乌托邦的想法，而不是美国政府提出的实际政策——然而我们如今却真的遇到了。” 

Jessica Tillipman, associate dean for government procurement law studies at The George Washington University, said she was not aware of any previous federal program ever adjusting infrastructure funding for marriage or birth rates.乔治·华盛顿大学政府采购法研究副院长 Jessica Tillipman 表示，据她所知，此前没有任何联邦项目曾根据结婚率或出生率调整基础设施资金。

She classified the proposal of the CIG change as “collateral policy,” a practice usually designed to have a direct impact via funding priorities, such as including small, women-, veteran- or minority-owned businesses in contracting requirements. 她将这项 CIG 变更提案归类为“附带政策”，这类做法通常旨在通过资金优先级产生直接影响，例如在承包要求中纳入小型、女性、退伍军人或少数族裔拥有的企业。 

“What’s so odd about this is that it’s funding for infrastructure,” Tillipman said. “I think that is the biggest question mark behind this: What is the policy goal here? Are you rewarding a jurisdiction because it happens to have higher marriage or birth rates?”Tillipman 说：“这件事奇怪之处在于，这是用于基础设施的资金。我认为这是其背后最大的问号：这里的政策目标是什么？难道是因为某个司法辖区恰好有更高的结婚率或出生率，就奖励它吗？”

She conjectured that the reasoning could be tied to population size. But even then, she noted that marriage or birth rates are not a direct indicator of the population within an area.她推测，其理由可能与人口规模有关。但即便如此，她指出结婚率或出生率并不是一个地区人口的直接指标。

“To me, I just don’t see a straight line between giving them more money and birth and marriage rates,” she said. “This feels really collateral. Very, very collateral.”她说：“就我而言，我实在看不出给它们更多资金与出生率和结婚率之间有什么直接联系。这感觉真的很牵强附会。非常、非常牵强附会。”

The FTA did not respond to Construction Dive’s inquiries about the proposal. The public comments period for the proposal is open through Nov. 16.FTA 没有回应 Construction Dive 就该提案提出的询问。该提案的公众意见征询期开放至 11 月 16 日。