「英中对照」CIBSE刊文解析英国商用建筑热绝缘节能案例及TICA政策建议

Assuming 1 million active commercial air conditioning systems in the UK, refurbishment of refrigeration pipe insulation could result in an energy saving equivalent to that generated by a medium-sized power station.假设英国有100万套在用商用空调系统，翻新制冷管道隔热层可带来相当于一座中型发电厂发电量的节能量。

This is according to the Thermal Insulation Contractors Association (TICA), which in April published a white paper calling on government to incentivise the adoption of thermal insulation of pipework¹.这一说法来自隔热承包商协会（Thermal Insulation Contractors Association，TICA）。该协会于4月发布白皮书，呼吁政府采取激励措施，推动管道隔热的应用¹。

In ‘Proof is on the roof’, CIBSE Journal Heating Supplement May 2025, TICA technical director, Chris Ridge, and Kaizen Energy Consultancy’s managing director, Lawrence Leask, explained how good specification and installation practices could reduce this profligate waste of energy.在《“证据就在屋顶上”》（CIBSE Journal，2025年5月供暖增刊）中，TICA 技术总监 Chris Ridge 与 Kaizen Energy Consultancy 董事总经理 Lawrence Leask 解释了良好的规格选定与安装实践如何能够减少这种肆意的能源浪费。

In the white paper, TICA describes thermal insulation as a ‘low-hanging fruit for industrial and commercial decarbonisation’, but says it is an afterthought at each of the design, installation and ongoing inspection/maintenance stages. 在白皮书中，TICA 将隔热描述为“工业和商业脱碳的低垂果实 ”，但表示在设计、安装以及日常检查/维护各个阶段，隔热都被当作事后补充事项。

On page 38, Leask describes one example of poor insulation in three calorifier inspection hatches, which he calculates are costing the building owners £2,061 a year in energy losses.在第38页，Leask 描述了三个容积式热水器检修口隔热不良的例子，据他测算，这每年给建筑业主造成2,061英镑的能源 损耗成本。

The paper suggests the government adopts a standard based on BS EN 17956:2024, which provides A to F energy-efficiency classes for technical insulation systems. Introduced in 2024, the scheme has, according to the white paper, led to European nations – including Germany and the Netherlands – drawing up mandatory performance requirements to incentivise thermal insulation surveys and improvements.白皮书建议政府采用基于 BS EN 17956:2024 的标准，该标准为技术隔热系统规定了 A 至 F 能效等级。白皮书称，该制度于2024年推出，现已促使包括德国和荷兰在内的欧洲国家制定强制性性能要求，以激励隔热状况调查和改进。

In the Netherlands, businesses subject to the energy-saving investigation obligation must conduct an insulation scan every four years or provide a technical insulation performance check (Tipcheck) not older than two years, and commit to implementing measures with a simple payback period of five years or less.在荷兰，负有节能调查义务的企业必须每四年开展一次隔热扫描，或提供出具时间不超过两年的技术隔热性能检查（Tipcheck），并 承诺实施简单投资回收期不超过5年的措施。

A Tipcheck is a standardised energy audit designed to evaluate and optimise the thermal performance of industrial and large-scale commercial insulation systems. Developed by the European Industrial Insulation Foundation (EiiF). Tipcheck follows the principles of recognised energy-audit standards EN 16247 and ISO 50002, and assesses insulation performance using the A to F energy-efficiency classes defined in EN 17956.Tipcheck 是一项标准化能源审计，旨在评估和优化 工业及大型商业隔热系统的热工性能。它由欧洲工业隔热基金会（European Industrial Insulation Foundation，EiiF）开发。Tipcheck 遵循公认能源审计标准 EN 16247 和 ISO 50002 的原则，并采用 EN 17956 中定义的 A 至 F 能效等级评估隔热性能。

The white paper also describes how, in Germany, the DIN 4140 insulation installation standard advocates for achieving at least EN 17956 Energy Efficiency Class C. A subsidy programme for small and medium-sized enterprises is offered by the German government to support insulation improvements, covering up to 25% of costs.白皮书还介绍了德国 DIN 4140 隔热安装标准如何主张至少达到 EN 17956 能效等级 C。德国 政府为中小企业提供补贴计划，以支持隔热改造，最高可覆盖 25%的 成本。

EiiF recommends a minimum energy classification for industrial applications and suggests an Insulation Energy Efficiency Class C to EN 17956 for new installations in planning and design stage. For existing systems, it says that Class C be mandatory if the payback period for the insulation improvement is less than five years.EiiF 建议为工业应用规定最低能效等级，并建议处于规划和设计阶段的新 安装系统采用符合 EN 17956 的隔热能效等级 C。对于现有系统，它 表示，如果 针对 该 隔热改造的投资回收期短于5年，则必须达到 C 级。

In commercial buildings, the white paper says there are many examples of non-UV elastomeric foam insulants being installed on externally located variable refrigerant flow pipelines, and that degradation of this insulation is adding to operational costs. 白皮书称，在商业建筑中，有许多将非耐紫外线弹性泡沫隔热材料安装在室外变制冷剂流量管道上的案例，而这种隔热层的劣化正在增加运营成本。

Thermal insulation integrity is not fully assessed during statutory TM44 air-conditioning inspections, adds TICA, and it suggests that the government introduce a minimum thermal energy rating similar to the energy rating required for the building.TICA补充说，法定TM44空调检查并未全面评估隔热完整性，且 建议政府推出最低热能评级，类似于建筑物所需的能源评级。

It is also calling for the adoption of ‘enhanced insulation thicknesses’ in Approved Document L, to encourage additional carbon reduction.它还呼吁在 Approved Document L 中采用“增强型隔热厚度”，以鼓励进一步减碳。

As well as rating schemes, TICA wants government to provide support for training energy managers and FMs on thermal insulation awareness. It is also asking for funding to understand the impact of poor insulation on energy costs and overheating. 除评级机制外，TICA还希望政府为面向能源经理和设施经理（FM）的隔热认知培训提供支持。它还在寻求资金，以了解隔热不良对能源成本和过热问题的影响。 

The camera reveals no insulation on the hatch摄像机显示检修口上没有隔热层

Identifying the heat-loss culprits 找出热损失元凶 

Lawrence Leask, managing director at Kaizen Energy Consultancy, found clear evidence of uninsulated pipework systems when he carried out a TM44 air conditioning inspection (ACI) for a large modern office block.Kaizen Energy Consultancy董事总经理Lawrence Leask在对一栋大型现代办公大楼进行TM44空调检查（ACI）时，发现了管道系统未做隔热的明确证据。

A TM44 ACI is legally required for any system or group of units that provide heating and cooling with a total cooling output exceeding 12kW (see page 6).任何提供供暖和制冷、总制冷量超过12kW的系统或成组机组，依法都必须接受TM44 ACI（见第6页）。

It does not capture heating systems, but Leask says he feels morally bound to report if he discovers something significant or easy to fix.该检查不涵盖供暖系统，但Leask表示，如果发现重大问题或易于修复的问题，他觉得有道义责任予以报告。

In this case, he used an infrared camera to identify three 500-litre calorifier inspection hatches (manways) and associated pipework that were poorly insulated (see image, left). ‘If you investigate the calorifier, the temperature of the fluid inside is 60°C, the inspection hatches have a diameter of 400mm and the heat loss will be constant,’ he says.在本例中，他使用红外摄像机识别出三个500升容积式热水器的检修口（人孔）及相关管道存在隔热不良问题（见左图）。他说：‘如果你检查该容积式热水器，内部流体温度为60°C，检修口直径为400mm，热损失将持续存在。’

Assuming the temperature of the fluid inside is 60°C and the heat losses constant, Leask calculated that the energy losses from the three hatches would be 4,122kWh, at an annual cost of £2,061.假设内部流体温度为60°C且热损失恒定，Leask计算出三个检修口的能源损失为4,122kWh，年度成本为£2,061。

He also estimated that the necessary thermal insulation jackets would cost £585 and save 3,821kWh in annual energy losses. This equates to a yearly saving of £1,910 and a 708kg reduction in CO₂ emissions. Leask says the savings meant the payback on investment was only four months.他还估计，所需隔热套的成本为£585，每年可减少3,821kWh的能源损失。这相当于每年节省£1,910，并减少708kg CO₂排放。Leask表示，这些节省意味着投资回收期仅为四个月。

If these thermal insulation jackets had been installed in 2017, when the need was first identified, the savings over eight years would have amounted to 32,976kWh, representing a cost reduction of £16,488 and a decrease of 5,664kg in CO₂ emissions, adds Leask, who notes there was a Display Energy Certificate (DEC) for the building. This included an operational rating and a range of recommendations for improving energy performance.Leask补充说，如果这些隔热套在2017年首次发现该需求 时就已安装，八年节省的能源将达到 32,976kWh，相当于成本降低£16,488、CO₂排放减少5,664kg。他指出，该建筑有一份展示能源证书（DEC），其中包含运行评级和一系列改善能源绩效的建议。

The building had a DEC operational rating of F for CO₂ emissions (where A is the best and G the worst). The DEC assessor had recommended insulating the calorifier access cover plate and heating and pump bodies, but recorded the potential impact on carbon emissions as low, which surprised Leask.该建筑的DEC CO₂排放运行评级为F（A为最优，G为最差）。DEC评估师曾建议对容积式热水器检修盖板以及供暖设备和泵体进行隔热，但将其对碳排放的潜在影响记录为低，这令Leask感到意外。

In contrast, the building’s Energy Performance Certificate (EPC), which rates the building’s calculated energy performance rather than its actual operation, was A. Its recommendations for improving energy efficiency made no mention of thermal insulation.相比之下，该建筑的能源绩效证书（EPC）评级为A；该证书评估的是建筑计算得出的能源绩效，而非实际运行情况。其提高能源效率的建议只字未提隔热。

For Leask, this highlights how relatively simple insulation improvements can be overlooked in energy assessments. ‘The opportunity to implement a non-invasive measure with a four-month payback period was effectively missed,’ he says.在Leask看来，这凸显了相对简单的隔热改进在能源评估中会如何被忽视。他说：‘实施一项回收期为四个月的非侵入性措施的机会实际上被错过了。’

Access the white paper here访问白皮书 此处

The post Thermal insulation: foiling the great escape appeared first on CIBSE Journal.文章 隔热：阻止热量大逃逸 最早发表于 CIBSE Journal。