「英中对照」ASHRAE G36指南解析：标准化暖通空调控制序列的节能实践

Using ASHRAE Guideline 36: Optimized Performance through Standardized HVAC Control Sequence can have multiple benefits in terms of energy savings and efficient operations.采用《ASHRAE 指南 36：通过标准化 HVAC 控制序列实现优化性能》，可在节能和高效运行方面带来多重收益。

One of the greatest opportunities for energy savings in buildings through retrofits and retro-commissioning is optimized HVAC control sequences. ASHRAE Guideline 36: High-Performance Sequences of Operation for HVAC Systems (G36) provides standardized and optimized control sequences for HVAC systems. With demonstrated 50 to 60 percent HVAC energy savings with six to eight-year simple paybacks (where the control systems were fully replaced), G36 has the potential for deep, cost-effective energy savings in addition to further benefits across the industry. Multiple research and field demonstration projects have demonstrated the application of G36 in buildings and provided supporting data for efforts to drive the adoption of G36 by HVAC designers, contractors, and building owners. 通过改造和重新调试实现建筑节能的最大机会之一，是优化 HVAC 控制序列。《ASHRAE 指南 36：HVAC 系统高性能运行序列》（G36）为 HVAC 系统提供了标准化且经过优化的控制序列。在控制系统完全更换的情况下，已证明可实现 50% 至 60% 的 HVAC 节能，简单投资回收期为 6 至 8 年；除为整个行业带来更多益处外，G36 还有潜力实现深度且具有成本效益的节能。多个研究和现场示范项目已证明 G36 在建筑中的应用，并为推动 HVAC 设计人员、承包商和建筑业主采用 G36 的工作提供了支持数据。 

In an earlier article, we discussed training developed for Department of Defense facility managers, including ASHRAE Guideline 36. In this article, we dive deeper into G36, including an explanation of the Guideline and benefits provided. Data from real-world G36 applications shows how you can apply the Guideline in your buildings. 在上一篇文章中，我们讨论了为国防部设施管理人员开发的培训，其中包括 ASHRAE 指南 36。在本文中，我们将更深入地介绍 G36，包括对该指南的说明及其所提供的益处。来自 G36 实际应用的数据展示了如何在您的建筑中应用该指南。 

What is ASHRAE Guideline 36? 什么是 ASHRAE 指南 36？ 

G36 is a library of standardized sequence logic for the control of HVAC systems and equipment. The latest version (released in August 2021) contains sequences for single- and multi-zone variable air volume (VAV) reheat air handler units (AHUs), terminal units, and hot water and chilled water plants, and applies to both new construction and retrofits. The guideline continues to evolve and will ultimately cover other equipment and system types such as dedicated outdoor air systems, and more. G36 是一个用于 HVAC 系统和设备控制的标准化序列逻辑库。最新版本（2021 年 8 月发布）包含单区和多区变风量（VAV）再热空气处理机组（AHU）、末端机组以及热水和冷冻水机房的控制序列，适用于新建和改造项目。该指南仍在持续发展，最终将涵盖其他设备和系统类型，例如专用新风系统等。 

Energy-savings features of G36 include “trim and respond” demand-based temperature and pressure resets, VAV terminal dual-maximum logic, demand response, demand-controlled and occupied-standby ventilation, and economizer sequencing. In addition to energy savings, G36 helps improve building operation through real-time fault detection and diagnostics and hierarchical alarm suppression. G36 的节能功能包括“减量并响应”的基于需求的温度和压力重置、VAV 末端双最大值逻辑、需求响应、需求控制和占用待机通风，以及经济器顺序控制。除节能外，G36 还通过实时故障检测与诊断以及分级报警抑制来帮助改善建筑运行。 

G36 has been gaining market momentum. In a recent survey that we conducted of 488 individuals at controls contractors across the US, 68 percent of respondents had heard of G36, with 43 percent of those having implemented it on at least one project. With growing market penetration, implementation costs will decrease, improving the cost-effectiveness of retrofits. G36 的市场势头正在不断增强。我们最近对全美控制承包商的 488 名人员进行了调查，68% 的受访者听说过 G36，其中 43% 的人至少在一个项目中实施过 G36。随着市场渗透率不断提高，实施成本将会下降，从而提升改造项目的成本效益。 

Benefits of G36 G36 的益处 

Modern direct digital control (DDC) systems are generally operated with custom programming logic created by the installing contractor. Though most building HVAC systems are generally similar, the current standard industry practice is to develop custom sequences and control programming for each application, or to adapt sequences from a similar recent project. In addition to the process inefficiency of reinventing the wheel for each project, this practice also introduces the risk of problems and operational inefficiencies, such as poorly written sequences or incorrectly implemented programs. G36 helps address this industry issue by providing a collection of high-performance sequences of operation for HVAC systems. Beyond simply establishing a set of best practice sequences, industry standardization around G36 offers the potential for market transformation by streamlining the Building Automation Systems (BAS) implementation process through design, installation, and operation. With standardization, BAS manufacturers can centrally pre-program, pre-debug, and pre-validate the logic in their software libraries, which improves quality and greatly reduces the effort required on each project for programming and commissioning. 现代直接数字控制（DDC）系统通常采用安装承包商创建的定制编程逻辑运行。尽管大多数建筑HVAC系统大体相似，但当前行业的标准做法是为每个应用开发定制运行序列和控制程序，或改编近期类似项目的序列。除了每个项目重复造轮子造成流程低效外，这种做法还会带来故障和运行低效风险，例如序列编写不当或程序实施错误。G36提供一系列高性能HVAC系统运行序列，有助于解决这一行业问题。除了制定一套最佳实践序列外，围绕G36形成的行业标准化还可通过简化楼宇自动化系统（BAS）在设计、安装和运行各阶段的实施过程，带来市场转型的潜力。通过标准化，BAS制造商可在其软件库中集中预编程、预排错和预验证逻辑，从而提高质量，并大幅减少每个项目在编程和调试方面所需的工作量。 

G36 provides value to wide a range of industry stakeholders throughout the design and construction process. With G36, facilities management, building owners, design engineers, controls contractors, controls manufacturers, and commissioning providers will see cost savings, increased revenue, and improved occupant comfort. The building owner will see lower design and construction costs and improved thermal comfort, leading to fewer occupant complaints. Overall, design engineers, controls contractors, and commissioning providers will put in less effort to design, implement, and test systems, and they will see an increase in customer satisfaction. As a result, controls contractors and commissioning providers can expect an increase in market demand, which can have significant economic benefits such as new jobs.  在整个设计和施工过程中，G36可为广泛的行业利益相关方创造价值。借助G36，设施管理方、业主、设计工程师、控制承包商、控制设备制造商和调试服务商都将实现成本节约、收入增长并提升室内人员舒适度。业主将看到设计和施工成本降低、热舒适度提高，从而减少人员投诉。总体而言，设计工程师、控制承包商和调试服务商在系统设计、实施和测试上投入的工作量更少，同时客户满意度提升。因此，控制承包商和调试服务商可预期市场需求增长，这可能带来新增就业岗位等显著经济效益。  

With further market penetration, G36 will bring market efficiencies. The controls industry will benefit from pre-programmed and vetted G36 logic that can be used over and over. Centralized pre-programmed and pre-tested application libraries ensure quality and reduce project field implementation time. Eight large BAS manufacturers have already released at least partial libraries. 随着市场渗透率进一步提高，G36将提升市场效率。控制行业将受益于经过预编程和审核、可反复使用的G36逻辑。集中预编程和预测试的应用库可确保质量，并减少项目现场实施时间。已有八家大型BAS制造商发布了至少部分库。 

Demonstrated Results of G36 G36的实证成果 

Early implementations of airside sequences of operation in G36 showed savings of 50 to 60 percent HVAC energy were achieved with six- to eight-year simple paybacks where the control systems were fully replaced. These are for buildings with complete hardware retrofits to replace older DDC systems with zone-level DDC or pneumatic controllers. Most of the savings came from: G36中风侧运行序列的早期实施结果表明，在全面更换控制系统的项目中，可实现50%至60%的HVAC能耗节约，简单投资回收期为6至8年。这些结果来自进行全面硬件改造、以区域级DDC或气动控制器替换老旧DDC系统的建筑。节能主要来自： 

• Change in zone airflow control to dual maximum VAV logic, with low minimums 
将区域风量控制改为双最大值VAV逻辑，并采用较低最小值
• Implementation of demand-based duct static pressure and supply air temperature resets 
实施基于需求的风管静压和送风温度重置
• Refinement of HVAC operating schedules utilizing zone groups 
利用区域组优化HVAC运行时间表
• Resolution of deferred maintenance issues uncovered during control retrofit project 
解决控制改造项目期间发现的延期维护问题

In buildings with existing modern control systems, there is an opportunity to do a retrofit with just re-programming the control sequences to Guideline 36. Implementations of G36 where only software updates were performed showed HVAC savings of 10 to 25 percent with two- to seven-year simple payback.  对于已配有现代控制系统的建筑，只需按照指南36重新编程控制顺序，即可进行改造。仅通过软件更新实施G36的案例表明，HVAC可节能10%至25%，简单回收期为2至7年。  

The retrofit has the most potential for energy savings if the existing system has older DDC or pneumatic zone-level controllers, fixed or limited reset ranges for duct static pressure and supply air temperature, and the VAV terminal units have single-maximum sequences with high minimums. 如果现有系统使用较旧的DDC或气动式区域级控制器，风管静压和送风温度的重设范围固定或有限，且VAV末端装置采用最小值设定偏高的单最大值控制顺序，则此类改造的节能潜力最大。 

How you can take advantage of G36 如何利用G36 

With proven energy savings, additional benefits of standardization, and market momentum, anyone involved in the ownership, design, construction, and building commissioning process should take advantage of Guideline 36. As an owner, you can require G36 in your RFPs. We recommend contract requirements for standard libraries as they become available.  G36的节能效果已得到验证，同时具有标准化的额外优势并顺应市场势头；参与业主、设计、施工和建筑调试过程的各方都应利用指南36。作为业主，您可以在RFP中要求采用G36。我们建议在标准库可用时将其作为合同要求。  

ASHRAE G36 is a proven, cost-effective opportunity to achieve large reductions in energy consumption through standardized high-performance sequence logic for control of HVAC systems and equipment. Early implementations of G36 showed up to 60% HVAC energy savings. G36 works great in new construction, as well as in retrofits where older control hardware is being replaced or a modern DDC system already exists. The building controls industry is rapidly adopting G36, with 68% of controls contractors indicating they have heard of it and 43% having implemented it on at least one project. All major BAS manufacturers have committed to pre-programming G36 into their factory application libraries. As a contractor, designer, owner, or any other industry stakeholder, there are resources to support you in applying G36, including trainings and a best practices guide. ASHRAE G36提供了一种经验证且经济高效的途径，可通过用于控制HVAC系统和设备的标准化高性能顺序逻辑，大幅降低能耗。G36的早期实施案例显示，HVAC能耗最高可降低60%。G36在新建建筑中效果出色，也适用于更换旧控制硬件或已存在现代DDC系统的改造项目。楼宇控制行业正在迅速采用G36，68%的控制承包商表示听说过G36，43%已至少在一个项目中实施过G36。所有主流BAS制造商均已承诺将G36预编程到其工厂应用库中。作为承包商、设计师、业主或任何其他行业利益相关方，都有相应资源支持您应用G36，包括培训和最佳实践指南。 

Rupam Singla is Technical Project Manager, TRC. Gwelen Paliaga is Technical Director, TRC. TRC is a national leader in advanced energy services with direct experience in energy advisory services, distributed energy resources, research and technology commercialization, technical and engineering services, and energy program delivery.Rupam Singla是TRC的技术项目经理。Gwelen Paliaga是TRC的技术总监。TRC在先进能源服务领域处于全国领先地位，在能源咨询服务、分布式能源资源、研究与技术商业化、技术与工程服务以及能源项目交付方面拥有直接经验。

 Sidebar: G36 Resources to learn more 侧栏：可供深入了解的G36资源

• Training modules on advanced building control systems, with several modules specific to G36, posted at Slipstream’s Learning Management System (LMS) platform. For more information and to register, click here.先进楼宇控制系统的培训模块已发布在Slipstream的学习管理系统（LMS）平台上，其中有几个模块专门针对G36。欲了解更多信息并进行注册，请点击此处。
• BEST Center 2020 Annual Institute: “ASHRAE Guideline 36 – High-Performance Sequences of Operation for HVAC Systems”. Steve Taylor (Taylor Engineering) presented a seminar for the Building Efficiency for a Sustainable Tomorrow (BEST) Center at Laney College in 2020. 
The training and lab demonstration were recorded and posted online here and here.
BEST中心2020年度研修会：“ASHRAE指南36——HVAC系统的高性能运行顺序”。2020年，Steve Taylor（Taylor Engineering）在Laney学院为可持续未来建筑能效（BEST）中心举办了一场研讨会。培训和实验室演示已录制并发布在网上：此处 和此处。
• AMCA insite Webinar: “VAV Systems Part 1: VAV Design Tips”. 
Steve Taylor (Taylor Engineering) presented a webinar for the Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA) insite webinar series in 2021.AMCA insite网络研讨会：“VAV系统第1部分：VAV设计技巧”。2021年，Steve Taylor（Taylor Engineering）在空气运动与控制协会（AMCA）insite网络研讨会系列中主讲了一场网络研讨会。
• ASHRAE Hawaii Chapter Meeting: “Guideline 36: Best in Class HVAC Control Sequences”. 
Steve Taylor (Taylor Engineering) presented at the January 2021 ASHRAE Hawaii Chapter meeting. 
ASHRAE夏威夷分会会议：“指南36：同类最佳的HVAC控制顺序”。Steve Taylor（Taylor Engineering）在2021年1月ASHRAE夏威夷分会会议上作报告。
• ASHRAE Journal 2019 article: “Eliminating Overcooling Discomfort While Saving Energy," authors: Gwelen Paliaga, Hui Zhang, Tyler Hoyt, Edward Arens. Available for free here.《ASHRAE Journal》2019年文章：“在节约能源的同时消除过冷不适”，作者：Gwelen Paliaga、Hui Zhang、Tyler Hoyt、Edward Arens。可在此免费获取。

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