「英中对照」Greenbuild专家谈可持续改造：纽约355 Lexington项目以材料再利用为核心

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An office-to-residential conversion in New York City highlights the opportunities and challenges for sustainable adaptive reuse as conversion rates spike, speakers at the Greenbuild sustainable building conference said during a panel discussion Wednesday. Greenbuild 可持续建筑大会的发言嘉宾在周三的一场小组讨论中表示，纽约市一个办公楼改造为住宅的项目凸显了可持续适应性再利用的机遇与挑战，因为目前改造率正在飙升。 

A project by Rudin Management Co., at 355 Lexington Ave. in Midtown, is transforming a building constructed in 1959 by adding four floors and approximately 280,000 square feet of space to provide 297 market-rate and affordable apartments. Rudin Management Co. 的一个项目位于中城列克星敦大道 355 号，该项目对一栋建于 1959 年的建筑进行改造，加建四个楼层、增加约 280,000 平方英尺的空间，提供 297 套市场价和可负担公寓。 

The biggest sustainability factor for conversions is how much of the building itself can be reused, according to Hrisa Gatzoulis, vice president of sustainability at Rudin. Rudin 公司可持续发展副总裁 Hrisa Gatzoulis 表示，改造项目最大的可持续性因素在于建筑本身有多少部分可以被再利用。 

“The existing structure, the facade, the elevators, the existing stair openings, and then looking at all of this together … is one of the biggest decisions that we made,” Gatzoulis said during the panel. “This circularity component was the most exciting part.” “现有结构、外立面、电梯、现有楼梯开口，然后将所有这些综合起来考虑……是我们做出的最重大决策之一，”Gatzoulis 在小组讨论中表示。“这种循环利用的部分是最令人兴奋的地方。” 

As part of the effort, the team walked through the building and took inventory of everything to decide what could be reused, recycled or otherwise salvaged, she said. Although the building’s age meant that some elements, like those containing asbestos, couldn’t be reused, many were. 她说，作为这项工作的一部分，团队走遍了整栋建筑，对所有东西进行了清点，以决定哪些可以再利用、回收或以其他方式 salvage（抢救利用）。虽然建筑的年代意味着某些元素（如含石棉的部分）无法再利用，但很多元素都得到了再利用。 

Gatzoulis pointed to New York City’s City of Yes zoning law changes, which the city enacted two years ago to speed development, as a crucial element that helped enable the conversion. The changes make it easier to generate renewable energy and reduce restrictions on wall thickness, height and other regulations that affect building electrification and retrofitting, the NYC Department of City Planning says. Gatzoulis 指出，纽约市的“City of Yes”区划法规变更是促成该改造项目的关键因素，该市两年前颁布了这些变更以加快开发。纽约市城市规划局表示，这些变更使可再生能源的利用更加容易，并减少了对墙体厚度、高度以及影响建筑电气化和改造的其他法规的限制。 

“The project still has to pencil out,” Gatzoulis said. “The zoning incentives, construction costs, the affordable housing component, all those economics [had] to be able to add [up] for this project to pencil out, so the City of Yes was a big component.”“这个项目仍然必须在经济上算得过来，”Gatzoulis 说。“区划激励、建设成本、可负担住房部分，所有这些经济账都必须能够算得拢，这个项目才可行，所以‘City of Yes’是一个重要因素。”

In addition to looking at what components can be reused, the project team looked at what components can be returned to manufacturers that have takeback programs, Rebecca Schmidt, New York regional sustainability manager at Turner Construction, said on the panel.  Turner Construction 纽约地区可持续发展经理 Rebecca Schmidt 在小组讨论中表示，除了研究哪些构件可以再利用之外，项目团队还考察了哪些构件可以返还给设有回收计划的制造商。  

For example, “if you have acoustic ceiling tile that is not contaminated, but is in proximity to other materials that are [contaminated], the manufacturer will not take those materials back,” said Schmidt. Other hardware and materials, like interior glass partitions, furniture and door hardware, were able to be returned, recycled or resold, which helped the project leaders boost their embodied carbon reuse scores as they pursued LEED certification. Schmidt 举例说，“如果你的吸音天花板吊顶板本身未受污染，但邻近的其他材料受到了[污染]，制造商就不会回收这些材料。”其他五金和材料，如室内玻璃隔断、家具和门五金，则能够被退回、回收或转售，这帮助项目负责人在申请 LEED 认证的过程中提高了其隐含碳再利用得分。 

“Building reuse is a clear winner here,” when looking at how these decisions impact the LEED v5 Building Design and Construction rating released last year, said Tanya Eagle, director of sustainable buildings at JLL. JLL 可持续建筑总监 Tanya Eagle 表示，在考量这些决策对去年发布的 LEED v5 建筑设计与施工评级体系的影响时，“建筑再利用显然是赢家”。 

Under LEED v5, the building product selection and procurement credit rewards products that optimize across more than one impact category, Eagle said. “For example, a product should not just reduce embodied carbon. It should also be better for human health, circularity and ecosystem health and social equity,” she said. “Under this new credit, materials that are reused max out the available multi-attribute score at five. So materials that are reused in a project are very much rewarded in this credit under [version 5].”Eagle 表示，在 LEED v5 中，建筑产品选择与采购得分点奖励那些能够在多个影响类别上实现优化的产品。“例如，一款产品不应只是减少隐含碳，它还应当更有利于人类健康、循环性、生态系统健康和社会公平，”她说。“根据这一新得分点，被再利用的材料可以获得满分的多属性分值五分。因此，在[第五版]中，项目中再利用的材料在该得分点上会获得很高的回报。”

To accomplish a successful sustainable conversion, owners and project stakeholders need to set expectations and stay engaged through the process, Gatzoulis said. Gatzoulis 表示，要实现成功的可持续改造，业主和项目相关方需要设定预期，并在整个过程中保持参与。 

The design-construction team and the general contractor and tradespeople, for example, play an important part in integrating the building deconstruction with labor, safety and logistics needs and use of the reuse marketplace to find pathways for materials. 例如，设计—施工团队、总承包商和工种工人，在将建筑拆解与劳动力、安全和物流需求相结合，以及利用再利用市场平台为材料寻找出路方面，发挥着重要作用。 

“This is where the human element matters,” Gatzoulis said. “Everyone approaches the project through a different lens, and everybody’s lens is important. Keep all these stakeholders [engaged], rally them, and celebrate small wins. Because you can’t just scale reuse with one sustainability person. You have to get the whole team [to be] a part of this.”“这正是人的因素发挥作用的地方，”Gatzoulis 说。“每个人都从不同的视角看待项目，而每个人的视角都很重要。要让所有这些相关方[保持参与]，团结他们，并庆祝每一个小的胜利。因为仅靠一个可持续发展人员是无法规模化推进再利用的，必须让整个团队都参与其中。”