FIWARE回顾SCCON 2026：互操作性是智慧城市数据平台的基础设施

The word that was missing in Berlin柏林缺失的那个词

Over three days at the 2026 edition of the Smart Country Convention (SCCON26) in Berlin, more than 600 exhibitors showed what digital government, smart cities and resilient regions can look like. Two words were on almost every stand: “platform” and “sovereign”.在柏林举行的 2026 年智慧国家大会（SCCON26）的三天时间里，600 多家参展商展示了数字政府、智慧城市和韧性区域的模样。几乎每个展台上都有两个词：“平台”和“主权”。

One word appeared far less often: interoperable. Yet it decides whether a city’s investment can be reused in the next town, connected to the next system, or moved to the next provider. Some of the most practical sessions this year showed exactly that. Aalen and Heidenheim run one urban data platform for two municipalities, with car park monitoring, depot management and a climate data hub. The five pioneer municipalities of “Smart Cities: 5 für Südwestfalen” share a regional data platform. Both run on open-source components from the FIWARE ecosystem and the NGSI-LD standard.有一个词出现的频率要低得多：可互操作。然而它决定了一座城市的投资能否在下一个城镇复用、接入下一个系统，或迁移到下一个供应商。今年一些最务实的分论坛恰恰展示了这一点。阿伦（Aalen）和海登海姆（Heidenheim）为两个市政当局运行同一个城市数据平台，涵盖停车场监控、车辆场站管理和气候数据中心。“智慧城市：5 für Südwestfalen”的五个先锋市镇共享一个区域数据平台。两者都运行在 FIWARE 生态系统和 NGSI-LD 标准的开源组件之上。

That isn’t a coincidence. It’s what happens when cities build on open standards instead of products.这并非巧合。这就是当城市建立在开放标准而非产品之上时会发生的事情。

NGSI-LD: one language for the live state of a cityNGSI-LD：描述城市实时状态的一种语言

A city doesn’t need one more data silo. It needs its sensors, specialist applications and digital twins to describe the world in the same way. That is what NGSI-LD does. NGSI-LD is a Group Specification of ETSI’s Context Information Management (ISG CIM) group, now at version 1.9.1 (July 2025). It describes the city as entities (a car park, a bus, a street light, a river gauge), their properties (occupancy, position, water level) and the relationships between them. It’s built on JSON-LD, so every attribute links to a shared meaning instead of a vendor-specific field name.一座城市不需要再多一个数据孤岛。它需要的是其传感器、专业应用和数字孪生用同一种方式描述世界。这正是 NGSI-LD 的作用。NGSI-LD 是 ETSI 上下文信息管理（ISG CIM）小组的一项团体规范，目前版本为 1.9.1（2025 年 7 月）。它将城市描述为实体（一个停车场、一辆公交车、一盏路灯、一处河道水位计）、它们的属性（占用率、位置、水位）以及它们之间的关系。它构建在 JSON-LD 之上，因此每个属性都链接到一个共享的语义，而不是某个供应商特有的字段名。

Three things make it fit for public infrastructure:有三点使其适用于公共基础设施：

- Time and space are built in. Temporal queries answer “what happened at this crossing last winter?” Geo-queries answer “which sensors lie inside this flood zone?”, using one API.时间与空间是内置的。时间查询回答“去年冬天这个路口发生了什么？”地理查询回答“哪些传感器位于这片洪泛区内？”，使用的都是同一个 API。
- It scales from one broker to a federation. The standard covers centralised, distributed and federated architectures. A district, a city and a region can each keep their own data and still answer one query together.它可以从单个代理扩展到联邦。该标准涵盖集中式、分布式和联邦式架构。一个区、一座城市和一个地区可以各自保留自己的数据，同时仍能共同应答同一个查询。
- It’s an open standard, not a product. Several independent context brokers implement it, from FIWARE’s Orion-LD to other open-source and commercial implementations. The European Commission listed the FIWARE-based Context Broker as a CEF building block for exactly this reason.它是开放标准，而非产品。多个独立的上下文代理实现了它，从 FIWARE 的 Orion-LD 到其他开源和商业实现。欧盟委员会正是出于这个原因，将基于 FIWARE 的上下文代理列为 CEF 构建模块。

Smart Data Models: agreeing on what a “parking spot” is智慧数据模型：就“停车位”是什么达成共识

A standard API is only half of interoperability. If one city calls it freeSpaces and the next availableSlots, every dashboard still has to be rebuilt. The Smart Data Models programme solves the other half: shared, open data models that anyone can use.标准化的 API 只是可互操作性的一半。如果一座城市称之为 freeSpaces，而下一座称之为 availableSlots，那么每个仪表盘仍须重建。智慧数据模型（Smart Data Models）计划解决的是另一半：任何人都可以使用的共享、开放的数据模型。

- Led jointly by FIWARE Foundation, TM Forum, IUDX and Open & Agile Smart Cities (OASC). No single vendor owns the vocabulary.由 FIWARE 基金会、TM Forum、IUDX 和 开放与敏捷智慧城市（OASC） 共同主导。没有任何一家供应商拥有这套词汇。
- 1,118 official models in 82 subjects across 13 domains, from Smart Energy, Smart Cities and Smart Water to Environment, AgriFood, Logistics, Health and Manufacturing (official list, July 2026). Around 350 more are in incubation, drafted by contributors and on their way to becoming official (incubated models).13 个领域、82 个主题下的 1,118 个官方模型，涵盖智慧能源、智慧城市、智慧水务以及环境、农业食品、物流、健康和制造（官方列表，2026 年 7 月）。另有约 350 个模型正在孵化中，由贡献者起草，正在成为官方模型的路上（孵化中的模型）。
- Built from real use cases and contributed by dozens of organisations. Existing vocabularies such as schema.org are reused rather than reinvented.由数十家组织基于真实用例构建并贡献。诸如 schema.org 等现有词汇被复用，而非重新发明。
- Open-licensed and free, published with a JSON Schema, a specification and examples, plus an @context that plugs straight into NGSI-LD and other linked-data systems.采用开放许可并免费提供，随附 JSON Schema、规范文档和示例，外加一个可直接接入 NGSI-LD 及其他关联数据系统的 @context。

The practical effect: an app built for parking in one municipality runs on another municipality’s platform without a new integration project. That is how pilots turn into services that scale.实际效果是：为一个城市的停车场景开发的应用，无需新的集成项目即可运行在另一个城市的平台上。这正是试点项目转变为可规模化服务的方式。

From standard to street: interoperability in practice从标准到街道：互操作性的实践落地

Standards only matter when they run in a town hall. Germany has had a reference for open urban data platforms since December 2017: DIN SPEC 91357, the Reference Architecture Model Open Urban Platform. At European level, OASC’s Minimal Interoperability Mechanisms (MIMs) set out the minimum cities need for accessing, interlinking, representing and exchanging data, with NGSI-LD as a reference technology for context information.标准只有在市政厅里真正运行起来才有意义。自 2017 年 12 月起，德国就拥有了开放城市数据平台的参考标准：DIN SPEC 91357，即《开放城市平台参考架构模型》。在欧洲层面，OASC 的最小互操作机制（MIMs）规定了城市在访问、互联、表示和交换数据方面的最低要求，并将 NGSI-LD 作为上下文信息的参考技术。

At SCCON26 this was visible on the floor, not just on slides:在 SCCON26 上，这一点体现在展会现场，而不仅仅是幻灯片上：

- Aalen and Heidenheim share one open-source urban data platform built on FIWARE components and NGSI-LD. It already runs car park monitoring, municipal depot management and a climate data hub. In the session “Beyond the Pilot”, Aalen’s project manager Marius Traub reported on what makes such projects succeed, while HYPERTEGRITY showed how its open-source, NGSI-LD-based platform underpins them [session].Aalen 和 Heidenheim 共享一个基于 FIWARE 组件和 NGSI-LD 构建的开源城市数据平台。该平台已经运行着停车场监测、市政车辆调度场管理和气候数据中心。在“Beyond the Pilot”（超越试点）专场会议上，Aalen 的项目经理 Marius Traub 分享了此类项目取得成功的关键因素，而 HYPERTEGRITY 则展示了其基于 NGSI-LD 的开源平台如何为这些项目提供支撑 [专场会议]。
- The five pioneer municipalities of “Smart Cities: 5 für Südwestfalen” (Arnsberg, Bad Berleburg, Menden, Olpe and Soest) run a regional data platform on the same stack. Their use cases range from river-level and indoor-climate monitoring to smart parking and winter road services.“Smart Cities: 5 für Südwestfalen”（智慧城市：南威斯特法伦五城）的五个先锋城市（Arnsberg、Bad Berleburg、Menden、Olpe 和 Soest）在同一技术栈上运行着一个区域数据平台。它们的用例涵盖河流水位与室内气候监测、智能停车以及冬季道路养护服务。
- 3D twin + urban data platform: the 3D twin makes a city visible, and the NGSI-LD platform makes it analysable, in real time. Max Rudolph (Buildplace) and Alexander Süssemilch (HYPERTEGRITY) showed how the two layers connect through open standards [session].3D 孪生 + 城市数据平台：3D 孪生让城市可视，NGSI-LD 平台让城市可分析，而且是实时的。Max Rudolph（Buildplace）和 Alexander Süssemilch（HYPERTEGRITY）展示了这两个层面如何通过开放标准实现连接 [专场会议]。

What these projects share is replicability. A use case built once is reused by the next municipality, because the API and the data model are the same.这些项目的共同点在于可复制性。一个只开发一次的用例可以被下一个城市直接复用，因为 API 和数据模型是相同的。

Replicability is also an economic argument. In its closing talk at SCCON, the team behind the Urban Data Space Platform asked how investments in municipal data infrastructure can pay off not just technically, but economically and over the long term. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the state’s special fund for data infrastructure (NRW-Sondervermögen) was part of that conversation. Money spent on open standards keeps its value when the next town builds on it. Look beyond the brand names and the pattern holds across Germany. In June 2025 the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR) published a comparison of urban data platforms with Fraunhofer IESE (Urbane Datenplattformen im Vergleich). Four of the five platforms it examined in detail list FIWARE NGSI-LD as a supported IoT standard: CIVITAS/CORE, the Urban Data Space Platform, UrbanPulse and CIVORA. UrbanPulse uses FIWARE Smart Data Models as its data models.可复制性也是一个经济学论点。在 SCCON 的闭幕演讲中，Urban Data Space Platform（城市数据空间平台）团队探讨了对市政数据基础设施的投资如何在技术之外，还能在经济上、长期地产生回报。在北莱茵-威斯特法伦州，州政府的数据基础设施专项基金（NRW-Sondervermögen）也是这场讨论的一部分。花在开放标准上的钱，当下一个城市在其基础上建设时仍能保值。如果跳出品牌名称来看，这一模式在德国各地都成立。2025 年 6 月，德国联邦建筑、城市事务与空间发展研究院（BBSR）与弗劳恩霍夫 IESE 联合发布了一份城市数据平台对比报告（Urbane Datenplattformen im Vergleich）。在其详细考察的五个平台中，有四个将 FIWARE NGSI-LD 列为受支持的物联网标准：CIVITAS/CORE、Urban Data Space Platform、UrbanPulse 和 CIVORA。其中 UrbanPulse 采用 FIWARE 智能数据模型作为其数据模型。

That matters for what comes next. CIVITAS/CORE is the basis of NRW.udp, the shared urban data platform that North Rhine-Westphalia’s municipal IT providers plan to launch in January. CIVORA powers the regional data platforms presented by Schleswig-Holstein at SCCON. Different names on the stands, one common language underneath.这对接下来的发展至关重要。CIVITAS/CORE 是 NRW.udp 的基础，后者是北莱茵-威斯特法伦州市政 IT 服务商计划于一月份上线的共享城市数据平台。CIVORA 则为石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州在 SCCON 上展示的区域数据平台提供支撑。展台上是不同的名字，底层却是同一种通用语言。

Why interoperability is now a legal question too为什么互操作性如今也成了一个法律问题

Interoperability used to be good engineering practice. European law is turning it into an obligation.互操作性曾经是良好的工程实践。欧洲法律正在将其变为一项义务。

- Interoperable Europe Act. In force since April 2024. Since 12 January 2025, public administrations must run interoperability assessments when they introduce new or revised requirements for trans-European digital public services. The assessment covers legal, organisational, semantic and technical interoperability (CEPIS). Shared data models and open APIs are the semantic and technical answer.《可互操作欧洲法案》（Interoperable Europe Act）。自2024年4月起生效。自2025年1月12日起，公共行政部门在为跨欧洲数字公共服务引入新的或修订的要求时，必须开展互操作性评估。评估涵盖法律、组织、语义和技术层面的互操作性（CEPIS）。共享数据模型和开放API正是语义和技术层面的答案。
- EU Data Act. Cloud switching rules have applied since 12 September 2025. Providers must offer open, well-documented interfaces and export in structured, machine-readable formats. From 12 January 2027, switching and data-egress charges must be eliminated (Cooley). Portability is only real if your data is in a standard format on the other side.《欧盟数据法案》（EU Data Act）。云服务切换规则自2025年9月12日起适用。提供商必须提供开放的、文档完善的接口，并以结构化、机器可读的格式导出数据。自2027年1月12日起，切换费用和数据迁出费用必须取消（Cooley）。只有当你的数据在另一端以标准格式存在时，可移植性才是真实的。
- Data spaces. The next step after “where is my data hosted?” is “who may use it, for what, under which conditions?” FIWARE’s open-source Data Space Connector builds on the same NGSI-LD foundation. A city’s data platform becomes a node in a trusted data space rather than a separate project.数据空间。继“我的数据托管在哪里？”之后的下一步是“谁可以使用它、用于什么目的、在什么条件下使用？”FIWARE 的开源数据空间连接器（Data Space Connector）建立在同样的 NGSI-LD 基础之上。城市的数据平台将成为可信数据空间中的一个节点，而不是一个孤立的项目。

Sovereignty describes who controls the infrastructure. Interoperability decides whether that control is worth anything: whether data can move, be combined and be reused. Cities said it themselves in Berlin. The City of Oberhausen, presenting on North Rhine-Westphalia’s joint stand, argued that digital sovereignty has to be secured through technological freedom of choice, in-house skills and the right organisational structures. Open standards are what make that freedom of choice real.主权描述的是谁控制基础设施。互操作性决定了这种控制是否有价值：数据能否流动、能否被组合、能否被复用。城市代表们在柏林亲口这样说。奥伯豪森市（Oberhausen）在北莱茵-威斯特法伦州联合展位上发表演讲时指出，数字主权必须通过技术选择的自由、内部技能和正确的组织结构来保障。开放标准正是让这种选择自由成为现实的东西。

Next: AI-native cities need interoperable data接下来：AI 原生城市需要可互操作的数据

Almost every stand at SCCON had an AI story. But AI agents are only as good as the data they can find and understand. Linked, semantically harmonised, real-time NGSI-LD data is what turns an impressive demo into a reliable public service.SCCON 上几乎每个展位都有一个 AI 故事。但 AI 智能体的好坏取决于它们能找到和理解的数据。互联的、语义协调的、实时的 NGSI-LD 数据，才是把令人印象深刻的演示变成可靠公共服务的关键。

That’s where the FIWARE community is heading next:这正是 FIWARE 社区下一步的方向：

- Porto, 27 October. This year’s SCCON partner country hosts the workshop “Architecting AI-Native Smart Cities: FIWARE and Governed Intelligent Services” (AISCity) at the IEEE International Smart Cities Conference. Topics include connecting the Model Context Protocol to context brokers such as Orion-LD, with clear guardrails between AI reasoning and operational execution.波尔图，10月27日。今年的 SCCON 伙伴国将在 IEEE 国际智慧城市大会上主办研讨会“构建 AI 原生智慧城市：FIWARE 与受治理的智能服务”（AISCity）。议题包括将模型上下文协议（Model Context Protocol）连接到 Orion-LD 等上下文代理（context broker），并在 AI 推理与运营执行之间设置明确的护栏。
- Since AI Hackathon, Finland, 6–8 November. A FIWARE challenge track on context brokers, NGSI-LD and Smart Data Models. Individuals can apply until 31 October. Our invitation to every city, region and vendor we met in Berlin is simple: don’t just ask whether a platform is sovereign. Ask whether its data speaks NGSI-LD, whether it uses Smart Data Models, and whether the next municipality can reuse what you build. And then, join us to make it so.Since AI 黑客松，芬兰，11月6–8日。一条围绕上下文代理、NGSI-LD 和智能数据模型（Smart Data Models）的 FIWARE 挑战赛道。个人报名截止至10月31日。我们对在柏林遇到的每个城市、地区和厂商的邀请很简单：不要只问平台是否主权可控。还要问它的数据是否讲 NGSI-LD 语言，是否使用智能数据模型，以及下一个城市能否复用你所构建的东西。然后，加入我们，一起把它变成现实。

Sources:来源：

Artificial Intelligence FIWARE FIWARE Community人工智能 FIWARE FIWARE 社区