「英中对照」智能门禁的安全与数据保护

Security and Data Protection in Smart Access智能门禁中的安全与数据保护

Smart access brings the convenience of digital technology to one of the most private areas of everyday life: access to our homes. With smart access, securing the front door involves more than the mechanical lock itself. Communication between devices needs to be protected, personal and security-related data need to be handled carefully, and systems need to be able to respond to evolving cybersecurity risks.智能门禁将数字技术的便利带入日常生活中最私密的领域之一：家门的出入。有了智能门禁，守护入户门所涉及的已不仅仅是机械锁本身。设备之间的通信需要得到保护，个人及与安全相关的数据需要被谨慎处理，系统还需要能够应对不断演变的网络安全风险。

This makes security and data protection fundamental considerations in the development of smart access solutions. Encryption, careful data handling, software updates, independent security testing, and transparent processes for addressing potential vulnerabilities all play a role. Rather than relying on a single measure, these different elements need to work together throughout the lifecycle of a connected access solution.这使得安全与数据保护成为智能门禁解决方案开发中的基本考量。加密、审慎的数据处理、软件更新、独立的安全测试，以及应对潜在漏洞的透明流程，都发挥着作用。这些不同的要素不能依赖单一措施，而是需要在联网门禁解决方案的整个生命周期中协同运作。

Protecting Digital Communication保护数字通信

Secure communication is a central requirement for smart access. Commands exchanged between an authorized device and a smart lock need to be protected against unauthorized access, interception, and reuse.安全通信是智能门禁的核心要求。在授权设备与智能锁之间交换的指令，需要得到保护，以防未经授权的访问、截获和重放。

End-to-end encryption provides one layer of this protection by securing communication between the sender and receiver. Additional mechanisms can provide further protection. Challenge-response mechanisms, for example, can help prevent previously transmitted commands from being reused, while secure key exchange methods, such as Diffie-Hellman, allow devices to establish shared keys without transmitting the keys themselves.端到端加密通过保障发送方与接收方之间的通信安全，提供了其中一层保护。其他机制可以提供进一步的保护。例如，挑战-响应机制有助于防止先前传输的指令被重放，而诸如 Diffie-Hellman 之类的安全密钥交换方法，则允许设备在不传输密钥本身的情况下建立共享密钥。

The important consideration is therefore not simply whether communication is encrypted, but also how different security mechanisms work together to protect the digital commands behind locking and unlocking a door.因此，重要的考量不仅仅是通信是否经过加密，还在于不同的安全机制如何协同工作，以保护门锁开关背后的数字指令。

Considering Data Protection Alongside Cybersecurity在网络安全之外兼顾数据保护

Protecting communication is only one part of security in smart access. The handling of personal and security-related data is another important consideration.保护通信只是智能门禁安全的一个方面。对个人及与安全相关数据的处理是另一项重要考量。

Data protection starts with a basic question: what information actually needs to be transferred or stored? Limiting the data being processed can reduce the volume of sensitive information that needs to be protected in the first place.数据保护始于一个基本问题：究竟有哪些信息真正需要被传输或存储？限制被处理的数据量，可以从一开始就减少需要保护的敏感信息的规模。

Another consideration is where that information is processed and stored. Smart access functionality can involve local communication between devices as well as remote or cloud-based services. Where possible, keeping personal and security-related data on end devices rather than transferring it to cloud services can help limit unnecessary data processing.另一项考量是这些信息在何处被处理和存储。智能门禁功能既可能涉及设备之间的本地通信，也可能涉及远程或基于云的服务。在可能的情况下，将个人及与安全相关的数据保留在终端设备上，而不是传输到云服务，有助于限制不必要的数据处理。

These considerations highlight why data protection should be addressed as part of the underlying architecture of smart access systems, alongside the mechanisms used to secure communication.这些考量凸显了为什么数据保护应当作为智能门禁系统底层架构的一部分来加以解决，与用于保障通信安全的机制并行不悖。

Adapting to Evolving Security Requirements适应不断演变的安全要求

Security requirements do not remain static. New vulnerabilities and threats can emerge over time, including after a connected device has been installed.安全要求并非一成不变。新的漏洞和威胁可能随着时间推移而出现，包括在联网设备安装之后。

The ability to provide firmware and security updates is therefore an important part of maintaining security throughout the lifecycle of a connected access solution. Updates provide a way to address identified security vulnerabilities and adapt software as security requirements evolve.因此，提供固件和安全更新的能力，是在联网门禁解决方案的整个生命周期中维持安全的重要一环。更新提供了一种途径，可以修补已发现的安全漏洞，并随着安全要求的演变对软件进行调整。

This shifts the security question beyond how well a device is protected when it reaches the market. Manufacturers also need to consider how security can be maintained over time and how devices can respond when new security issues are identified.这就把安全问题延伸到了设备上市时的防护水平之外。制造商还需要考虑安全性如何随时间推移得以维持，以及在发现新的安全问题时设备如何作出响应。

The Role of External Security Testing外部安全测试的作用

Internal security processes are an important part of developing connected devices, but external assessments can provide an additional perspective.内部安全流程是开发联网设备的重要组成部分，但外部评估可以提供额外的视角。

Independent security testing can examine the security mechanisms implemented in connected devices and complement the work carried out internally during development and ongoing maintenance. It provides another layer of scrutiny, reducing reliance on a manufacturer’s own assessment of its security measures.独立安全测试可以检验联网设备中实施的安全机制，并补充在开发和持续维护期间内部开展的工作。它提供了另一层审查，减少对制造商自身安全措施评估的依赖。

For the smart access industry, external testing can therefore form part of a broader security approach that combines internal development and testing with independent review.因此，对于智能门禁行业而言，外部测试可以成为更广泛安全策略的一部分，将内部开发与测试和独立审查相结合。

Transparency When Vulnerabilities Are Discovered发现漏洞时的透明度

Even with extensive security measures in place, the possibility of vulnerabilities remains. Manufacturers of connected devices therefore need to consider not only how potential security issues can be prevented, but also how they can be identified, reported, and addressed.即使实施了全面的安全措施，漏洞存在的可能性仍然存在。因此，联网设备制造商不仅需要考虑如何预防潜在的安全问题，还需要考虑如何识别、报告和解决这些问题。

External security researchers can contribute to this process by examining systems and reporting potential vulnerabilities. Responsible disclosure establishes a process through which researchers can report findings directly to a manufacturer before making them public, providing an opportunity to investigate and address potential security gaps.外部安全研究人员可以通过检查系统并报告潜在漏洞来为这一过程做出贡献。负责任的披露建立了一个流程，研究人员可以通过该流程在公开之前直接向制造商报告发现的问题，从而为调查和解决潜在安全缺口提供机会。

Bug bounty programs can complement this approach by providing financial incentives for researchers who identify and responsibly report vulnerabilities. Nuki uses responsible disclosure and bug bounty programs as part of its approach to security and has also made a significant portion of its APIs publicly available to developers.漏洞赏金计划可以通过为识别并负责任地报告漏洞的研究人员提供经济激励来补充这一方法。Nuki 将负责任的披露和漏洞赏金计划作为其安全策略的一部分，并且还向开发者公开了其大部分 API。

The broader principle is that external security research can complement internal security efforts. Establishing clear ways to report and address potential vulnerabilities makes this external perspective part of the ongoing security process.更广泛的原则是，外部安全研究可以补充内部安全工作。建立清晰的潜在漏洞报告和解决途径，可以使这种外部视角成为持续安全流程的一部分。

Security as an Ongoing Responsibility安全是一项持续的责任

Security and data protection in smart access involve several interconnected layers. Encryption and secure communication mechanisms protect the digital exchange between devices, while careful data handling can limit the amount of personal information that needs to be transferred or stored. Software updates provide a way to respond to evolving security requirements, while independent testing and responsible disclosure add further scrutiny.智能门禁中的安全和数据保护涉及多个相互关联的层面。加密和安全通信机制保护设备之间的数字交换，而谨慎的数据处理可以限制需要传输或存储的个人信息数量。软件更新提供了一种应对不断变化的安全要求的方式，而独立测试和负责任的披露则增加了进一步的审查。

No single measure addresses every aspect of security. Instead, maintaining secure smart access requires attention to how devices communicate, how data is handled, how software is maintained, and how potential vulnerabilities are identified and addressed.没有任何单一措施可以解决安全的所有方面。相反，维护安全的智能门禁需要关注设备如何通信、数据如何处理、软件如何维护，以及如何识别和解决潜在漏洞。

These considerations extend beyond the initial development and release of a connected access solution. As technologies and potential threats evolve, security approaches need to be reviewed, tested, and adapted throughout the product lifecycle.这些考量超出了联网门禁解决方案的初始开发和发布阶段。随着技术和潜在威胁的演变，安全方法需要在整个产品生命周期中不断接受审查、测试和调整。

Security and data protection are therefore not one-time requirements. They are ongoing responsibilities that need to remain part of how smart access systems are designed, developed, and maintained.因此，安全和数据保护不是一次性的要求。它们是持续的责任，需要始终成为智能门禁系统设计、开发和维护的一部分。

Nuki Home Solutions is a leading European smart access company specializing in retrofit smart lock solutions. Nuki enables homeowners, renters, and property managers to upgrade existing doors with secure, keyless access without replacing their current door hardware. Its solutions offer convenient access via smartphone, smartwatch, keypad, or remote control and integrate with leading smart home ecosystems.Nuki Home Solutions 是一家领先的欧洲智能门禁公司，专注于改装型智能锁解决方案。Nuki 使房主、租户和物业管理人员能够在不更换现有门五金的情况下，将现有门升级为安全的无钥匙门禁。其解决方案提供通过智能手机、智能手表、键盘或遥控器进行的便捷访问，并与领先的智能家居生态系统集成。

The post Security and Data Protection in Smart Access appeared first on ASHB - Association for Smarter Homes & Buildings.文章 智能门禁中的安全与数据保护 首发于 ASHB - 智能家居与智能建筑协会。